Key Concepts in Advertising and Ethical Theories

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58 Terms

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Basic justification of advertising

It informs consumers, supports competition, and helps allocate resources efficiently.

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Critiques of advertising

It can manipulate desires, promote materialism, and distort consumer autonomy.

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Intrinsic value

Valued for its own sake.

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Instrumental value

Valued as a means to an end.

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Anthropocentrism

A human-centered view that values nature primarily for its utility to humans.

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Biocentrism

The belief that all life has inherent worth, not just human life.

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Holism in environmental ethics

The belief that ecosystems and the whole environment have moral value.

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Free rider problem

When individuals benefit from resources or services without contributing to their cost.

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Tragedy of the commons

Overuse and depletion of shared resources due to self-interested behavior.

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Externalities

Unintended side effects (positive or negative) of economic activity that affect others not directly involved.

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Environmental regulation options

Command-and-control regulation, market-based incentives, and tradable pollution permits.

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Civil liberties in the workplace

Rights like freedom of speech, privacy, and protection against discrimination at work.

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Role of labor unions

To protect workers' rights, negotiate wages, and improve working conditions.

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Right to Work law

Legislation that prohibits making union membership a condition of employment.

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BFOQs (Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications)

Legitimate qualifications that allow for discrimination in hiring when necessary for job performance.

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Polygraph Protection Act

A U.S. law that restricts private employers from using lie detector tests on employees.

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At-will employment

An employment arrangement where either party can terminate the relationship at any time, for any legal reason.

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Just cause employment

Employment can only be terminated for a documented, legitimate reason.

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Eminent Domain case study

Government seizure of private property and ethical concerns about fairness and compensation.

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Nestlé Water case study

Corporate extraction of water resources and its environmental and social impacts.

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Walmart case study

Labor practices, wages, and effects on small businesses and local communities.

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Catastrophe in Bangladesh case

The Rana Plaza collapse highlighted global supply chain ethics and corporate accountability.

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NYT American Economy audio case

Shifts in economic inequality and structural changes in the U.S. economy.

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Fordasauras case

Corporate cost-benefit analysis in product safety decisions.

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Redwoods case

Conflict between environmental preservation and corporate logging.

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Advertising's psychological influence

Influence on consumer desires and decision-making.

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Honest Advertising (web)

Ethical boundaries and truth in advertising practices.

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Ben and Jerry's case

How business ethics and social responsibility are integrated into company policy.

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Webporn at Work case

Workplace privacy, internet use, and employer monitoring.

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Free Speech and Malt Alcohol case

The tension between corporate advertising and public regulation.

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AIDS and Café case

Workplace discrimination and health-related ethical issues.

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Guns in the Parking Lot

Gun rights vs. workplace safety and employer policies.

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Unprofessional Conduct case

Defining and handling inappropriate behavior in the workplace.

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She Snoops to Conquer

Ethical issues in surveillance and employee trust.

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Swedish Daddies case

Gender roles and parental leave policies in workplace ethics.

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Deontology

Ethics based on duty and adherence to moral rules, not consequences.

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Kant's Categorical Imperative (1st formulation)

Act only on maxims you can will to become universal laws.

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2nd formulation of the Categorical Imperative

Treat humanity as an end, never merely as a means.

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3rd formulation of the Categorical Imperative

* you are a legislator in a kingdom of ends.

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Kantian intent

Morality is based on intention, not outcome.

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Role of reason in Kantianism

Reason determines moral duty.

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Duty in Kantian ethics

The necessity of acting from respect for the moral law.

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Good will according to Kant

The only thing that is good without qualification.

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Critiques of Kantianism

Rigid, too abstract, can lead to moral conflict with no resolution.

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Greatest Happiness Principle

Actions are right if they promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number.

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Quantitative vs. qualitative pleasures

Quantitative: amount of pleasure; Qualitative: type and depth of pleasure.

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Act utilitarianism

Evaluates each action individually by its consequences.

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Rule utilitarianism

Follows rules that generally promote the greatest good.

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Critiques of utilitarianism

Can justify immoral actions, ignores justice, and demands too much.

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Consequentialism

The ethical view that the morality of actions is based on their outcomes.

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Nature of the human being in egoism

Humans are self-interested and pursue their own good.

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Hedonistic egoism

The belief that individuals should act to maximize their own pleasure.

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Psychological egoism

The theory that people always act in their own self-interest.

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Goal-oriented egoism

Egoism focused on long-term self-interest and personal goals.

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State of nature

A hypothetical condition before society where life was 'nasty, brutish, and short.'

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Social contract

An agreement among individuals to form a society and abide by its rules.

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Sovereign ruler in social contract theory

An authority who enforces the contract and maintains order.

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Critiques of egoism

Promotes selfishness, lacks universality, and undermines cooperation.