Lifespan & Development Exam 1 Key Topics

Psychosocial Approach

An attempt to sketch the ways that a person's worldview and sense of self in society, change as a product of the interaction of the three dynamic systems over the course of life

Requirements of a theory

It is expected that theories of human development to provide

explanations for six questions that explain the direction for human development.

Evolutionary psychology

is the study of the evolutionary origins of mental

structures, emotions, and social behaviors and draws upon principles of

evolution to understand the human mind.

Stages of pregnancy

First, second, and third trimester

First trimester

germinal period, first 2 weeks. Embryotic period, 3-8 weeks. Fetal period 8-12 weeks.

What is quickening in pregnancy?

Quickening is when the mother can feel fetal movements, typically occurring between 17-20 weeks.

What developmental milestone occurs by the end of the 6th month of pregnancy?

By the end of the 6th month, the fetus begins to suck and swallow.

What is established in the fetus by the end of the 6th month?

By the end of the 6th month, sensory receptors are well established.

How does the fetus function by the end of the 6th month?

The fetus functions well within the uterine environment.

At what week does the fetus recognize the sensation of the mother's belly being touched?

30 weeks

By what week is neurological maturation in place for the fetus?

32 weeks

What triggers the birthing process to begin at the end of the third trimester?

The fetal brain produces hormones

Germinal period (1-2 weeks)

After fertilization, the zygote travels out of the fallopian tube and implants

in the uterine wall.

Embryotic period (3-8 weeks)

The primary focus is on developing supportive elements to house the

embryo

Amniotic sac

Forms and encloses the developing organism in amniotic fluid.

Placenta

Allows nutrients and waste to pass

Fetal period (8-12 weeks)

The embryo begins to develop male or female genitalia and is able to

move fingers and toes.

Major factors from mothers that affect the fetus

Poverty, maternal age, maternal drug use, environmental toxins, mother stress levels, mothers diet.

Cultural views on pregnancy determines?

- The kinds and severity of the symptoms associated with it,

- The types of treatment or medical assistance sought during

pregnancy, and

- The degree to which pregnancy is responded to as a life stressor.

What does solitude refer to in the cultural contexts of pregnancy?

Care, interest, and help of others during and after the pregnancy.

What does shame refer to in the cultural contexts of pregnancy?

Condemnation and secrecy.

What does adequacy signify in cultural contexts relating to pregnancy?

A sign of sexual prowess and entrance into social status.

What does vulnerability imply in cultural contexts relating to pregnancy?

Tiring, exhaustion, and lots of work.

What is a key focus of American societal reaction to childbirth?

The safety of the mother and child.

What is another focus of American societal reaction to childbirth?

Building a sense of competence in the mother and father.

Erikson stage birth to 24 Months

Trust Vs. Mistrust

Developmental task of Trust Vs. Mistrust

Infant needs must be met (feeding, hygiene, sleep, love)

Crisis of Trust vs Mistrust

Mistrust

Trust vs Mistrust prime adaptive ego quality

Hope

Trust vs Mistrust central process

Mutuality in responses between caregiver and infant. Coordination, caregiver, and infant are involved in similar behaviors or states and can fluidly move from one state to another.

Trust vs Mistrust core pathology

Withdrawl

Erikson stages 2-4 years

Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt

Developmental task Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt

Doing things independently without parent reliance.

Crisis of Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt

Shame and doubt

Autonomy Vs. Shame central process

Imitation. This is mastered by mimicking the action of a caregiver, allowing the child to engage in autonomous actions from what is learned.

Autonomy Vs. Shame prime adaptive ego quality

Will

Core pathology of Autonomy Vs. Shame

Compulsions

Erikson stage of development at 3 to 6 Years

Initiative Versus Guilt

Initiative Versus Guilt Central process

Identification, incorporation of aspects of others to strengthen own identity.

Initiative Versus Guilt crisis

Guilt

Initiative Versus Guilt prime adaptive ego quality

Purpose

Initiative Versus Guilt Core pathology

Inhibition

Erikson stage of development at 6-12 years old

Industry Vs. Inferiority

Developmental task of Industry Vs. Inferiority

Develop sense of competence and pride in ones abilities and accomplishments

Crisis of Industry Vs. Inferiority

Inferiority

Central process of Industry Vs. Inferiority

Education

Prime adaptive ego quality of Industry Vs. Inferiority

Competence

Core pathology of Industry Vs. Inferiority

Inertia, a negative feeling that inhibits people from gaining

energy, enthusiasm, or confidence to take action, and often

leaves people with doubts of competence and self-worth

Erikson stage of development at 12 to 18 years

Group Identity Versus Alienation

Developmental task of Group Identity Versus Alienation

Seek out and navigate social relationships in search for feeling of belonging.

Crisis of Group Identity Versus Alienation

Alienation

Central process of Group Identity Versus Alienation

Peer pressure

Modes of peer pressure

1. Direct suggestions (smoke/drink), or risk group rejection,

2. Modeling (mimicking group members' styles),

3. Subtle normative regulation (teasing/gossiping),

4. Peers' reinforcement (verbal statements, gestures, internet

gestures),

5. Unsupervised activities (parties/meetings where adults are not

present).

Group Identity Versus Alienation prime adaptive ego quality

Fidelity to others, pledging loyalty to a group and sustaining faithfulness to commitments

Core pathology of Group Identity Versus Alienation

Dissociation, feeling removed or separate.

Erikson's stage at 18-24 years

Identity Versus Identity (Role) Confusion

Developmental task of Identity Versus Identity (Role) Confusion

Formulate stable sense self

Crisis of Identity Versus Identity (Role) Confusion

Identity (Role) Confusion

Central process of Identity Versus Identity (Role) Confusion

Role experimentation

Prime adaptive ego quality of Identity Versus Identity (Role) Confusion

Fidelity

Core pathology of Identity Versus Identity (Role) Confusion

Repudiation, rejection of values, beliefs, and roles.

Erikson's stage at 24 to 34 years

Intimacy vs Isolation

Developmental tasks of Intimacy vs Isolation

Form meaningful, intimate relationships with others

Crisis of Intimacy vs Isolation

Isolation

Central process of Intimacy vs Isolation

Mutuality, empathetic awareness of one another,

understanding of self and other, and the ability and willingness

to regulate one's needs in order to respond to someone else's

needs.

Prime adaptive ego quality of Intimacy vs Isolation

Love

Core pathology of Intimacy vs Isolation

Exclusivity, shutting out others.

Erikson's stage at 34-60 years

Generativity Versus Stagnation

Developmental task of Generativity Versus Stagnation

Seeking to contribute to society and the next generation through work, family, or community involvement

Crisis of Generativity Versus Stagnation

Stagnation

Central process of Generativity Versus Stagnation

Person-Environment interaction and creativity

Prime adaptive ego quality of Generativity Versus Stagnation

Care, a commitment to be concerned

Core pathology of Generativity Versus Stagnation

Rejectivity, unwillingness to embrace or include certain

individuals, groups, or ideas in one's circle of care.

What age group is 0-24 months

Infancy

What age group is 2-4 years old

Toddlerhood

What age group is 4-6 years old

Early school age

What age group is 6-12 years old

Middle childhood

What age group is 12-18 years old

Early adolescence

What age group is 18-24 years old

Later adolescence

What age group is 24-35 years old

Early adulthood

What age group is 34-60 years old

Middle adulthood