Unit 4a AMSCO vocab

Election of 1800/"Revolution of 1800"

(1800) Peaceful transfer of power from Federalists (Adams) to Democratic-Republicans (Jefferson); marked a turning point showing democracy could work.

Louisiana Purchase

(1803) U.S. bought Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million; doubled the nation's size and gave control of the Mississippi River.

Aaron Burr

Jefferson's first vice president; killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel (1804) and was later tried for treason after plotting to form his own nation.

Barbary Pirates

(1801-1805) North African pirates demanded tribute from U.S. ships; Jefferson refused, leading to naval conflict known as the First Barbary War.

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

(1807) British warship Leopard attacked U.S. ship Chesapeake, killing and impressing sailors; increased anti-British sentiment.

Embargo Act of 1807

(1807) Jefferson banned all foreign trade to avoid war; hurt U.S. economy, especially New England merchants.

Tecumseh

(early 1800s) Shawnee leader who sought to unite Native tribes to resist U.S. expansion; allied with the British in the War of 1812.

Battle of Tippecanoe

(1811) U.S. forces under William Henry Harrison defeated Tecumseh's confederacy; weakened Native resistance in the Northwest.

William Henry Harrison

Governor of Indiana Territory; defeated Tecumseh's forces at Tippecanoe (1811) and British-allied Natives at the Battle of the Thames (1813).

War Hawks

(1810-1812) Young congressmen like Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun who pushed for war with Britain to defend honor and gain land in Canada.

War of 1812

(1812-1815) War between U.S. and Britain over impressment and trade; ended in stalemate but boosted American nationalism.

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

(1814) Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek Nation in Alabama; broke Native resistance and opened land for settlement.

Treaty of Ghent

(1814) Ended the War of 1812; restored prewar boundaries and status quo, no territorial changes.

Battle of New Orleans

(1815) Major U.S. victory under Andrew Jackson after the Treaty of Ghent was signed; made Jackson a national hero.

Hartford Convention

(1814-1815) Federalist meeting opposing the War of 1812; called for amendments and hinted at secession; led to party's collapse.

Era of Good Feelings

(1815-1825) Period of political unity under Monroe; marked by nationalism and one-party (Democratic-Republican) dominance.

Tariff of 1816/protective tariff

(1816) First U.S. tariff aimed to protect American industries from British goods after the War of 1812.

Henry Clay's American System

(proposed 1816) Plan for economic growth: strong banking system, protective tariffs, and internal improvements.

Second Bank of the U.S.

(chartered 1816) Reestablished national bank to stabilize currency and credit after War of 1812.

Panic of 1819

(1819) First major U.S. economic depression caused by land speculation and bank failures; hurt Western farmers.

Missouri Compromise

(1820) Missouri entered as a slave state, Maine as free; slavery banned north of 36°30′ line in the Louisiana Territory.

Adams-Onís Treaty (Florida Purchase Treaty), 1819

(1819) Spain ceded Florida to the U.S.; defined western boundary of the Louisiana Purchase.

Monroe Doctrine

(1823) Declared the Western Hemisphere closed to European colonization; warned Europe not to interfere in Latin America.

John Quincy Adams

Secretary of State under Monroe; key author of Monroe Doctrine and negotiated Adams-Onís Treaty; later 6th president (1825-1829).