📝 Exam-Style Questions & Answers

Q1. What is the main difference between an articulation disorder and a phonological disorder?

A1. Articulation disorder = motor difficulty producing specific sounds.
Phonological disorder = rule-based difficulty using sound patterns; often reduces intelligibility

Q2. A child substitutes /w/ for /r/ but is otherwise intelligible. What type of disorder is this most likely?

A2. Articulation disorder (few, consistent sound errors).

Q3. A child consistently deletes final consonants and reduces multisyllabic words to one syllable. What type of disorder is this?

A3. Phonological disorder (systematic error patterns affecting intelligibility).

Q4. What is the purpose of a speech screening?

A4. To decide if more testing is needed; not to diagnose.

Q5. Name three components of a comprehensive speech evaluation.

A5. Case history, oral mechanism exam, speech sample (also hearing screening, standardized tests, stimulability).

Q6. During a family interview, what types of questions should be asked?

A6. Onset/history of problem, family’s concerns, medical/hearing background, prior services, parent goals.

Q7. What is an independent analysis, and when is it most useful?

A7. Analysis of what the child can say without comparing to adult targets; best for very young or unintelligible children.

Q8. What is a relational analysis, and when is it most useful?

A8. Compares child’s productions to adult targets (e.g., PCC, SODA); best for older or more intelligible children.

Q9. What does stimulability testing show, and why is it important?

A9. Shows if a child can produce a sound with help; high stimulability - good prognosis (zone of proximal development).

Q10. What does the GFTA-3 assess?

A10. Consonant articulation in words and sentences; also includes stimulability probes.

Q11. What does the KLPA-3 assess?

A11. Phonological processes and error patterns; includes PCC, SODA, severity ratings.

Q12. What is one advantage and one limitation of traditional articulation testing?

A12. Advantage: quick, structured, norm-referenced.
Limitation: only samples single words, may miss real-world speech.