CH 7 - BONE PT 3 -Appendicular Skeleton: Arm, Hand, Leg, and Pelvis

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering key appendicular skeleton terms and concepts from the lecture notes.

Phalanges (hand)

The finger bones; there are 14 in total, with each finger having proximal, middle, and distal phalanges; the thumb has only proximal and distal phalanges.

Phalanx (singular)

A single finger bone; the plural is phalanges.

Proximal phalanx

The phalanx closest to the hand; forms a joint with the corresponding metacarpal.

Middle phalanx

The middle finger bone between proximal and distal phalanges; present in all fingers except the thumb.

Distal phalanx

The phalanx at the fingertip; forms a joint with the middle phalanx.

Phalange numbering (1–5)

Digits are numbered 1 through 5 from the thumb side; the proximal phalanx of finger 4 is the ring finger’s proximal bone.

Thumb phalanges

The thumb has two phalanges: proximal and distal.

Metacarpals

Five long bones in the hand between the phalanges and the carpals; numbered 1–5 from the thumb side.

Carpal bones

Eight wrist bones arranged in two rows of four; includes scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.

Scaphoid

One of the proximal row carpal bones; articulates with the radius.

Lunate

Proximal row carpal bone that articulates with the radius.

Triquetrum

Proximal row carpal bone; part of the eight carpal bones.

Pisiform

Wrist carpal bone in the proximal row; pea-shaped accessory bone.

Trapezium

Distal row carpal bone; articulates with the first metacarpal (thumb).

Trapezoid

Distal row carpal bone; articulates with the second metacarpal.

Capitate

Largest carpal bone in the distal row; articulates with the third metacarpal.

Hamate

Distal row carpal bone with a hook-like projection; articulates with the fourth and fifth metacarpals.

Radius

Forearm bone on the thumb side; larger distal end; forms the major wrist joint with the carpals.

Ulna

Forearm bone on the little finger side; forms the major elbow joint with the humerus.

Elbow joint

Hinge joint between the humerus and ulna.

Humerus

Upper arm bone; proximal end forms a joint with the scapula; distal end forms a joint with the radius/ulna.

Glenoid cavity

Shallow socket on the scapula that receives the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint.

Scapula

Shoulder blade; connects to the clavicle and forms the shoulder joint with the humerus; capable of movement over the rib cage.

Clavicle

Collarbone; connects the scapula to the sternum; the key link between the appendicular and axial skeleton.

Sternum

Breastbone; central chest bone connected to the clavicles; part of the axial skeleton.

Os coxae

Hip bone; composed of three parts: ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Ilium

Uppermost part of the os coxae; contributes to the acetabulum and sacroiliac joint.

Ischium

Posterior part of the os coxae; contributes to the acetabulum and supports sitting.

Pubis

Anterior part of the os coxae; forms part of the acetabulum.

Acetabulum

Hip socket formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis; where the head of the femur articulates.

Sacroiliac joint

Joint between the sacrum and the ilium; part of the pelvic girdle.

Pubic angle

Angle at the anterior pelvis formed by the two pubic bones;

Pelvis

Bony basin formed by two os coaxae and the sacrum (and coccyx); supports trunk and birth canal.

Acetabulum (repeat)

Hip socket formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis; point of articulation for the femur.

Os coxae (repeat)

Hip bone consisting of ilium, ischium, and pubis; forms the hip socket with the femur.

Ilium, Ischium, Pubis

Three bones that comprise each os coxae; together form the hip socket, acetabulum.

Sacrum

Triangular bone at the base of the spine; forms the SI joint with the ilium.

Coccyx

Small tailbone at the bottom of the vertebral column; part of the pelvis.

Tarsal bones

Seven ankle bones; include talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral).

Talus

The ankle bone; articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint.

Calcaneus

Heel bone.

Navicular

Tarsal bone anterior to the talus.

Cuboid

Tarsal bone on the lateral side of the foot.

Cuneiforms

Three tarsal bones (medial, intermediate, lateral) located anterior to the navicular.

Metatarsals

Five bones of the foot between the tarsals and the toes; numbered 1–5 from the big toe side.

Phalanges (toes)

Toe bones; 14 in total; each toe has proximal, middle, distal phalanges except the big toe, which has only proximal and distal.

Colles' fracture

Distal radius fracture typically from falling on an outstretched hand; common in skateboard/bike accidents.

Ankle joint spaces

Two important spaces: talotibial (between talus and tibia) and talofibular (between talus and fibula) used in realignment after injury.