Misfortunes in Madrid (1890-1891)

This set of flashcards summarizes key events and figures from Rizal's experiences in Madrid between 1890 and 1891.

Rizal's Arrival in Madrid

August 1890, Rizal arrived with M.H. del Pilar and Dr. Dominador Gomez to seek help from various groups.

Hispano-Filipina Association

One of the groups Rizal sought help from during his time in Madrid.

Spanish Policy Quote

Rizal quoted, 'To cover the ears, open the purse, and fold the arms - this is the Spanish policy'.

Deportation Incident

Rizal learned of the deportation of his brother Paciano and others to Mindoro.

Death of Jose Ma. Panganiban

Rizal's friend and co-worker in the Propaganda Movement died on August 19, 1890.

Eulogy

A speech or piece of writing in praise of someone who has died, written by Rizal for Panganiban.

Antonio Luna

A Filipino who attended a social reunion where he got drunk and challenged Rizal to a duel.

Duel Cancelation

The duel between Rizal and Antonio Luna was avoided when Luna apologized for his remarks.

Retana Incident

Retana published an article that led Rizal to challenge him to a duel which resulted in a retraction.

Leonor Rivera

The woman Rizal loved, who wrote to him in December 1890 announcing her marriage to an Englishman.

Rizal-Del Pilar Rivalry

Conflict that arose between Rizal and M.H. del Pilar due to shifts in leadership dynamics.

La Solidaridad

A publication that aimed to promote Filipino reform, where both Rizal and Del Pilar were involved.

Filipino Leadership Election

In January 1891, Filipinos decided to elect a new leader called Responsable for the community's affairs.

Rizal's Victory

Rizal won the election for Responsable but declined the position graciously.

Adios, Madrid

Rizal's farewell note to his companions as he prepared to leave Madrid for Biarritz.

Mariano Ponce

A Filipina leader who passionately appealed for Rizal during the election.

Filipino Community Divided

During the 1891 election, the community split into two factions: Rizalistas and Pilaristas.

Return to Biarritz

Rizal's departure from Madrid after thanking his companions and packing his bags.

Crisis of Leadership

The decline of Rizal's leadership as some supporters switched allegiance to Del Pilar.

Liberal Spanish Statesmen

Those Rizal sought aid from, including Becerra and Maura, during his struggles.

Forced Ejection

Rizal's family's eviction from their home, causing them to live with his sister Narcisa.