S1.1- Particulate nature of matter Chemistry

Homogenous mixture

mixture where components are mixed throughly

Heterogenous

when samples are not uniform and are separated throughout the mixture

Matter

made out of particles, atoms and molecules

Elements

contain one atom

Compounds

composed of 2 or more elements chemically

Mixtures

composed of 2 or more compounds/elements

Solute

is a minor component in solution, dissolved into solvent

Solvent

liquid where solute is dissolved

Filteration

separating an insoluble solid from a liquid

Evaporation

separating solute dissolved into a solvent in a mixture (typically water)

Solvation

separating 2 solids from a heterogenous mixture

Distillation

separation of liquids based on boiling points/volatility in a mixture

Paper chromatography

to separates multiple solutes from a solvent in a mixture

Recrystallisation

remove impurities mixed into a solid

Solids

fixed shape and volume, particles vibrate in fixed position

Liquids

Fixed volume no fixed shape, move with random motion in container

Gas

No fixed shape or volume, particles move randomly

Sublimation

Change of state directly from a solid to a gas

Deposition

Change of state from gas to solid

Evaporation

Change of state from liquid to gas & takes place only a surface of liquid

Boiling

Occurs at specific temperatures and changes state from liquid to gas

Endothermic

Needs input of energy (positive)

Exothermic

Releases energy (negative)