Homogenous mixture
mixture where components are mixed throughly
Heterogenous
when samples are not uniform and are separated throughout the mixture
Matter
made out of particles, atoms and molecules
Elements
contain one atom
Compounds
composed of 2 or more elements chemically
Mixtures
composed of 2 or more compounds/elements
Solute
is a minor component in solution, dissolved into solvent
Solvent
liquid where solute is dissolved
Filteration
separating an insoluble solid from a liquid
Evaporation
separating solute dissolved into a solvent in a mixture (typically water)
Solvation
separating 2 solids from a heterogenous mixture
Distillation
separation of liquids based on boiling points/volatility in a mixture
Paper chromatography
to separates multiple solutes from a solvent in a mixture
Recrystallisation
remove impurities mixed into a solid
Solids
fixed shape and volume, particles vibrate in fixed position
Liquids
Fixed volume no fixed shape, move with random motion in container
Gas
No fixed shape or volume, particles move randomly
Sublimation
Change of state directly from a solid to a gas
Deposition
Change of state from gas to solid
Evaporation
Change of state from liquid to gas & takes place only a surface of liquid
Boiling
Occurs at specific temperatures and changes state from liquid to gas
Endothermic
Needs input of energy (positive)
Exothermic
Releases energy (negative)