3.3 - preserving biodiversity

natural capital

the resources of the planet

natural income

renewable and replenishable resources

ecological services

the benefits humans get from natural resources

instrumental value

usefulness an entity has for humans

resons for preserving biodiversity

• aesthetic

• ecoogical

• economical

• ethical

• socia

ecological services

• pollination

• nutrient cycling

• predator-prey relationships

• flood prevention

• regulation of climate and weather

ex situ conservation

preservation of species outside their natural habitat

CITES

aimed at preventing trade of endangered species

• member countries must authorise exports/ imports

• a licensing system and permits

zoos advantages

• educate

• way to emphasise with wildlife

• proper diet for animals

• temporary haven

zoos disadvantages

• not all breed easily in captivity

• habitats differ from natural

• ethical issues

in situ conservation

conservation of species in their natural habitat

flagship species

well-known animal or plant selected to act as an ambassador or symbol for a specific habitat

habitat conservation strategies

• natural reserves

• national parks

• protected areas

• rewilding

edge effects

changes in

• population

• community structures

• environmental conditions

that occur at the boundary at 2 or more habitats (Ecotone)

corridor in an area advantages

• allowing gene flow by migration

• allowing seasonal movement

• reduced collision with cars and animals

corridors in an area disadvantages

• potential invasion by pest diseases from connected reserve

• poachers move easily

• outbreeding depression

rewilding methods

• reintroduction of apex/ keystone species

• ban on agriculture and harvesting

• minimising human influences

approaches necessary for success of conservation

• community support

• adequate funding

• education and awareness

• legislation

• scientific research

environmental perspectives on conservation

• ecocentric: intrinsic vale of biodiversity, low intervention and in situ

• anthropo/techno: economic and societal value, scientific interventions

NGO

• not run, funded or influenced by governments

• Greenpeace, WWF

IGO

intergovernmental organisations

• bodies established through international agreements

• UNEP

ecotourism

traveling to natural areas that promote conservation

• educational value

• minimised negative impacts on natural and sociocultural environment