cognition
encoding
get info to brain
parallel processing
processing many aspects of a prob. at same time
sensory memory
immediate recording of sensory info
short term memory
activated mem. that holds few items briefly
long term memory
limitless storage house for mem
working memory
short term focuses on conscious info and info retrieved from long term
explicit memory
facts we consciously know, effortful processing
explicit memory example
recalling phone number
implicit memory
unconscious memory, automatic processing
implicit memory example
brushing teeth
Sperling
iconic/econic memory
iconic memory
fleeting sensory mem. of visual stimuli
econic memory
fleeting sensory mem. of auditory stimuli
mnemonics
using vivid imagery/words
distributed practice
spacing and testing effect
shallow processing
encodes sound of word, very basic
deep processing
encodes semantically/meaning of words
explicit brain parts
frontal/hippocampus
implicit brain parts
cerebellum/basal ganglia
long term potentiation
increase in cells firing potential after rapid stimulation
Priming
activation of certain associations, unconsciously occurs
context dependent memory
putting yourself back in context first experienced something
state dependent memory
putting yourself in state first experienced something makes it easier
recency effect
remembering last things in list
primacy effect
remembering first things in list
anterograde amnesia
no new memories
retrograde amnesia
no old memories
ebbinghaus
forgetting curves and nonsense syllabus
proactive inference
prior learning effects recall of new learning
retroactive inference
new learning effects recall of old learning
convergent thinking
see only one solution
divergent thinking
see many solutions
confirmation bias
search for info that supports beliefs and ignore contradicting evidence
heuristic
simple thinking strategy, judgments more efficiently
mental set
approach prob with mindset of what worked before
representativeness heuristic (stereotype)
making judgments based on how they match a prototype
availability heuristic
judging frequency of event based on what comes to mind first
availability heuristic example
skydiving; scared bc that is what you think of most often
belief perserverance
clinging to beliefs even after evidence proves wrong
receptive language
understand what is said
productive language
ability to produce words
whorf
linguistic determinism
linguistic determinism
language determines way we think