psych unit 7

cognition

encoding

get info to brain

parallel processing

processing many aspects of a prob. at same time

sensory memory

immediate recording of sensory info

short term memory

activated mem. that holds few items briefly

long term memory

limitless storage house for mem

working memory

short term focuses on conscious info and info retrieved from long term

explicit memory

facts we consciously know, effortful processing

explicit memory example

recalling phone number

implicit memory

unconscious memory, automatic processing

implicit memory example

brushing teeth

Sperling

iconic/econic memory

iconic memory

fleeting sensory mem. of visual stimuli

econic memory

fleeting sensory mem. of auditory stimuli

mnemonics

using vivid imagery/words

distributed practice

spacing and testing effect

shallow processing

encodes sound of word, very basic

deep processing

encodes semantically/meaning of words

explicit brain parts

frontal/hippocampus

implicit brain parts

cerebellum/basal ganglia

long term potentiation

increase in cells firing potential after rapid stimulation

Priming

activation of certain associations, unconsciously occurs

context dependent memory

putting yourself back in context first experienced something

state dependent memory

putting yourself in state first experienced something makes it easier

recency effect

remembering last things in list

primacy effect

remembering first things in list

anterograde amnesia

no new memories

retrograde amnesia

no old memories

ebbinghaus

forgetting curves and nonsense syllabus

proactive inference

prior learning effects recall of new learning

retroactive inference

new learning effects recall of old learning

convergent thinking

see only one solution

divergent thinking

see many solutions

confirmation bias

search for info that supports beliefs and ignore contradicting evidence

heuristic

simple thinking strategy, judgments more efficiently

mental set

approach prob with mindset of what worked before

representativeness heuristic (stereotype)

making judgments based on how they match a prototype

availability heuristic

judging frequency of event based on what comes to mind first

availability heuristic example

skydiving; scared bc that is what you think of most often

belief perserverance

clinging to beliefs even after evidence proves wrong

receptive language

understand what is said

productive language

ability to produce words

whorf

linguistic determinism

linguistic determinism

language determines way we think