P1 Long Quiz

Galactosemia

Disorder caused by a deficiency of an enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyly transferase.

Gestational

Type of diabetes that occurs as a response to the hormonal changes during pregnancy.

Type 2

Type of diabetes that happens when your body stops responding to the insulin your pancreas makes.

Pellagra

The following are the symptoms of diabetes except:

Dextrins

Intermediates in the hydrolysis of starch.

Dermatan sulfate

Composed of glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine.

Heparin Sulfate

Composed of repeating units of N-acetylglucosamine and uronic acids.

Proteoglycan

Compound formed when glycosaminoglycans are attached to a protein molecule.

Glycogen sulfate

The following are examples of glycosaminoglycans except

GAGS

Large linear polymers of repeating disaccharide units, often containing an amino sugar.

D-Glucoronate

Carboxylate ion formed when D-glucuronic acid loses its acidic hydrogen atom.

Glycogen

Storage polysaccharide.

Glycan

Alternate name for a polysaccharide.

Sucrose

Also known as table sugar.

Glycosidic Bond

Bond in a disaccharide resulting from the reaction between the hemiacetal carbon atom -OH group of one monosaccharide and an -OH group on the other monosaccharide.

Glycoside

An acetal formed from a cyclic monosaccharide by replacement of the hemiacetal carbon -OH group with an -OR group. It can exist in both alpha and beta forms.

Anomeric Carbon

Carbon atom that is bonded to an -OH group and to the oxygen atom in the heterocyclic ring.

Pyranose

Cyclic monosaccharide containing a six-atom ring.

Haworth Projection Formula

A two-dimensional structural notation that specifies the three-dimensional structure of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide.

8

Possible optical isomers of ketohexose.

Anomers

Isomers differing in the configuration of substituents on the carbonyl carbon.

Chitin

Homopolymer of N-acetyl-B-D-glucosamine, prevalent in invertebrate animals.

Aldose

A monosaccharide that contains an aldehyde functional group.

Choline

Glycophospholipid associated with lung surfactant.

3g or less fat per 50g serving

Low fat means:

Messenger Lipids: Eicosanoids

which of the following has the correct pairing

Progestin

Hormone that prepares the uterus lining for implantation of a fertilized ovum and suppresses ovulation.

Only the first statement is CORRECT

LDL or Low Density Lipoprotein is the one that carry cholesterol from the liver to various cells or tissues of the body. LDL is considered as the good cholesterol.

Biological Wax

Lipid that is a monoester of a long-chain fatty acid and a long-chain alcohol.

Methanedrosterone

Synthetic tissue-building steroid.

Mineralocorticoids

Stimulates renal reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+.

Glucocorticoid

Hormones that control glucose metabolism and counteract inflammation.

Eicosanoid

An oxygenated C20 fatty acid derivative that functions as a messenger lipid.

Thromboxanes

Lipids produced by blood platelets that promote platelet aggregation.

Anabolic Steroids

Substances used by some athletes to build up muscle strength and enhance endurance.

RU-486

Interferes with gestation of a fertilized egg and terminates a pregnancy within the first nine weeks of gestation more effectively and safely than surgical methods.

Estrol

Produced in large amounts by the placenta, the tissue that links the fetus to the mother.

Androgens

Promote the development of male secondary sex characteristics and also promote muscle growth.

Steroid hormones

Hormone that is a cholesterol derivative.

Integral membrane protein

Membrane protein that penetrates the cell membrane.

Unsaturated fatty acid

Most lipid molecules in the bilayer contain at least one.

Glycoproteins

The following are the compositions of cell membranes except.

VLDL

Transport triacylglycerols from the liver to adipose tissue.

Chylomicrons

Transport dietary triacylglycerols from the intestines to the liver and adipose tissue.

Carbohydrates

The cell markers, which serve as the basis for the ABO blood types are classified as what type of biopolymers?

HDL

Responsible for the transport of 20% to 30% of serum cholesterol.

Glucocerebrosidase (B-glucosidase)

GAUCHER DISEASE.

globosides

Type of glycosphingolipid with more than one sugar as the side chain (or R group) of ceramide.

monounsaturated fatty acids

Also known as the good fat.

Sphingophospholipids

Lipid that contains one fatty acid and one phosphate group attached to a sphingosine molecule and an alcohol attached to the phosphate group.

glycosphingolipids

Lipid that contains both a fatty acid and a carbohydrate (mono or oligosaccharide) component attached to a sphingosine molecule.

PG

Comprises ~7%-15% of the total phospholipid of pulmonary surfactant.

Amyloid beta

Alzheimer disease is the accumulation of amyloid plaque caused by the accumulation of.

Kwashiorkor

Disease that is frequently seen in children after wearing at about one year of age.

Transferrin

It carries iron from the liver to the bone marrow.

Fibrous

Protein whose molecules have an elongated shape.

Peptides

Combination of two or more amino acids, the carboxyl group of one being united with the amino group of the other.

Cephalin

Example of lipoproteins.

Casein

Proteins found in milk.

Myoglobin

Oxygen binder in muscles.

interferon

Act as antiviral protection.

Salmin

Salmon sperm.

Conjugated protein

Protein that has one or more non-amino acid entities present in its structure.

Denaturation

Refers to the changes in the properties of a protein.

Protein denaturation

It results in the unfolding and disorganization of the protein’s secondary and tertiary structures, which are not accompanied by hydrolysis of peptide bonds.

Glucagon

Hyperglycemic Factor.

endothelin

Structurally similar to some snake venoms.

Oxytocin

It stimulates lactation.

Zwitterion

A molecule that has a positive charge on one atom and a negative charge on another atom, but which has no net charge.

Gly

Component of skin and is beneficial for wound healing, it acts as neurotransmitter.

Pro

Plays a role in intracellular signaling.

C

The following are the amino acids synthesized by the body except.

Q

The following are polar basic amino acids except.

Isoelectric point

The pH at which an amino acid exists primarily in its zwitterion form.

Simple protein

Protein in which only amino acid residues are present.

Prosthetic group

Non-amino acid group found in a conjugated protein.

Ribosomes

Site for protein synthesis in cells.

Modifiers

Allosteric enzymes are regulated by molecules called effectors.

Inhibitor

Any substance that can diminish the velocity of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called.

Noncompetitive inhibition

It occurs when the inhibitor and a substrate bind at different sites on the enzyme.

Inhibitors

Molecules that inactivate enzymes by forming a strong covalent bond to an amino acid side chain group at the enzyme’s active site.

Creatinine kinase

Enzyme primarily found in skeletal and cardiac muscle.

Proteolytic

Enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of peptide bonds that maintain the primary structure of a protein.

False

The rate of the reaction is indirectly proportional to the enzyme concentration at all substrate concentrations.

Initial velocities

Used in the analysis of enzyme reactions.

Optimum temperature

The temperature at which an enzyme exhibits maximum activity.

folic acid

Hematopoietic vitamins

Small intestines

Main absorption site of all vitamins.

Vitamin B6

Too much intake of this vitamin can cause permanent nerve damage.

Pernicious anemia

Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause.

Nyctalopia

Vitamin A deficiency.

Rickets

Vitamin D deficiency for children.

Cholecalciferol

Vitamin D3 is also known as.

gamma tocopherol

Main form of vitamin E.

Vitamin K

Inhibit an antihemorrhagic activity needed for proper blood clotting.

Vitamin D

Act as calcium uptake.

Exhibit an antihemorrhagic activity needed for proper blood clotting

What is the function of Vitamin K

Anomers

carbon atom that is bonded to an -OH group and to the oxygen atom in the heterocyclic ring

synthetic progestine

Norethyndrel

2

Possible chiral carbons of ketopentose