IGCSE Geography

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Weather

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37 Terms

1

Weather

The state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time.

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2

Climate

Generally prevailing weather conditions of a region averaged over a at least 30 years.

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3

Maximum-minimum thermometer

Meteorological instrument to measure maximum and minimum temperature (AKA Six's thermometer).

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4

Temperature range

Numerical difference between the minimum and maximum values of temperature. Can be measured as diurnal or annual.

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5

Diurnal range

Refers to difference between daily maximum and daily minimum temperatures.

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6

Mean temperature

The average between the maximum and the minimum temperature.

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7

Isotherms

A line on a map connecting points having the same temperature.

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8

Precipitation

Any form of moisture which falls to the earth. This includes rain, snow, hail and sleet.

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9

Rain gauge

Instrument used to measure precipitation.

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10

Isohyets

A line drawn on a weather map connecting points that receive equal amounts of precipitation.

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11

Wet bulb - dry bulb thermometer

Instrument to measure relative humidity (AKA hygrometer).

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12

Relative humidity

The percentage of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount the air could hold at that temperature.

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13

Dew point

Temperature at which air is saturated and condensation forms.

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14

Air pressure

The force exerted on a surface by the air above it as gravity pulls it to Earth.

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15

Barometer

Instrument for measuring air pressure.

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16

Barograph

A barometer that records its readings on a moving chart.

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17

Millibars (Mb)

The unit for air pressure.

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18

Isobars

Lines joining places on the map that have the same air pressure.

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19

Anemometer

Instrument for measuring wind speed.

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20

Wind rose

Graph for displaying information on wind direction.

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21

Prevailing wind

The dominant wind in an area.

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22

Wind vane

Meteorological instrument to measure wind direction.

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23

Sunshine recorder

Instrument used to record hours of sunshine.

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24

Stevenson screen

A standard shelter for meteorological instruments.

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25

Cumulus

Low level; puffy clouds with flat bottoms and rounded tops. These clouds don't indicate rain. Large rising clouds (cumulus congestus) may indicate an approaching storm.

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26

Stratus

Low level; low, flat, layered clouds which often cover the sky and don't bring significant rain.

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27

Stratocumulus

Low level; Layers of cumulus clouds.

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28

Nimbostratus

Low level; dark stratus clouds that bring rain.

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29

Altocumulus

Middle-layer cumulus.

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30

Altostratus

Middle-layer stratus.

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31

Cirrus

High level; often feather like, usually above 5,000 meters, made of ice crystals.

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32

Cirrocumulus

High level; High, thin clouds forming ripples.

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33

Cirrostratus

High level; thin layers of ice which usually cover the sky and form halos around the sun or moon; usually indicate increasing cloudiness.

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34

Cumulonimbus

Large, tall clouds that bring rain; the top of anvil shaped , found from low to high.

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35

Contrails

Thin trails of ice forming from cooled airplane exhaust.

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36

Fog

Clouds near the surface.

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37

Oktas

The extent of cloud cover, estimated by the eye and expressed in eighths.

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