Study Guide for AP Human Geography test

Ethnocentrism

________ is a biased perspective of one's ethnic group as being superior.

Food preferences

________ are significantly distinct in various folk cultures as well due to religious and socioeconomic factors impacting customs.

Metes

________ and bounds system- relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees marked land boundaries.

Culture

________ is defined as a particular group's material characteristics, behavioral patterns, beliefs, social norms, and attitudes that are shared and transmitted.

Balkanization

________ is the process by which a state breaks down due to conflicts among its ethnicities.

Cultural shatter belt

________ is the process where a state breaks down through Ethnic Conflict (balkanization)

Thomas Jefferson

Township and Range system- A rectangular land division scheme designed by ________ to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the U.S. interior.

Colonialism

________ is defined as an attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.

Habit

________- a repetitive act that a particular individual performs.

barrio

A(n) ________ is a Spanish- speaking neighborhood.

Hierarchical Diffusion

________ is when an idea spreads by passing first among the most connected individuals, then spreading to other individuals.

Custom

________- a repetitive act that a particular group performs.

Globalization

________- interconnection of all regions of the world through politics, technology, communication, marketing, economics, manufacturing, and sociocultural processes.

Sequent occupancy

________ is the theory that a place can be occupied by multiple different groups each modifying the landscape and having its own imprint for future occupiers.

Taboos

________ are restrictions imposed by social customs.

Maladaptive Diffusion

________ is the adoption of diffusing traits that are not practical or reflective of a region's environment or culture.

culture region

A(n) ________ is a portion of earth's surface with inhabitant populations sharing distinctive cultural characteristics.

Cultural ecology

________ is the study of how the natural environment can influence a culture group.

Urbanization

________- the population shift from rural areas to urban areas, the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.

Cultural hearth

________ is defined as a place where innovations and new ideas originate and diffuse to other places which can include Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus River Valley, etc.

Perceptual Vernacular Regions

________ are defined by certain cultural traits that people perceive them as that develop through books, media images, historical and cultural differences between regions.

Folk Culture

________ is predominantly present among homogenous groups of people maintaining their traditions, values, mostly in isolation.

Formal Regions

________ are areas inhabited by people who have one or more characteristics in common such as dialect, local cuisine, local activities, etc.

Stimulus Diffusion

________ is when an idea diffuses from its cultural hearth outward, but the original idea is changed by the new adopters.

Adaptive strategy

________ is the way humans adapt to the physical and cultural landscape they are living in.

Toponyms

________ are places that reflect cultural identity in a specific cultural landscape.

Contagious Diffusion

________ is defined as the distance- controlled spreading of an idea through a local population by contact from person to person.

Ethnic cleansing

________ is where the more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes the less powerful ethnic group to make a homogenous nation state.

Relocation Diffusion

________ occurs when people move from their original location to another and bring their innovations with them.

Cultural relativism

________ is the objective (unbiased) view of understanding others cultural beliefs and customs.

Cultural diffusion

________ is about the spreading of culture over time.

Environmental determinism

________ was theorized by Ellsworth Huntington who stated that the physical environment controls /determines behavior among humans.

Expansion Diffusion

________ is the spread of an idea through a population where the amount of those influenced grows continuously larger.

Popular culture

________ is practiced by large, heterogeneous groups, originating from more developed regions, resulting from more leisure time, wealth to acquire elements of pop culture, widespread diffusion through hierarchical from specific nodes, and contagious.

Trade routes

________ are centers of more people, which means more cultures coming together.

Colonialism

________ is a violent form of cultural diffusion.

Custom 

a repetitive act that a particular group performs

Governments

Governments worried over social mobility, worried about youth and women empowerment, diversity etc

-Township and Range system

A rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the U.S. interior

-Metes and bounds system

relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees marked land boundaries

There are three sub-types of Expansion diffusion

Stimulus, Hierarchical, and Contagious

Globalization 

interconnection of all regions of the world through politics, technology, communication, marketing, economics, manufacturing, and sociocultural processes

Urbanization 

the population shift from rural areas to urban areas, the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas