Thyroid Gland Diseases Flashcards

Flashcards on Thyroid Gland Diseases

Thyroid Gland Disease Classifications

Classifications include primary, secondary, hormone excess, hormone deficiency, hormone hypersensitivity, and non-functioning tumors

Hormone Excess Diseases

Grave’s Disease, Multinodular Goitre, Adenoma, Subacute Thyroiditis

Hormone Deficiency Diseases

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, Hypopituitarism, Atrophic Hypothyroidism

Hormone Hypersensitivity Diseases

Thyroid hormone-resistance syndrome , 5- Monodeiodinase deficiency

Non-functioning tumours

Differentiated Ca, Medullary Ca

Common Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

Weight loss despite normal or increased appetite, heat intolerance, palpitations, SOB, irritability, fatigue, sweating, tremor

Common Signs of Hyperthyroidism

Tremor, palmar erythema, sinus tachycardia, lid retraction, lid lag

Less Common Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

Osteoporosis, diarrhoea/steatorrhoea, angina increased, ankle swelling, anxiety/psychosis, muscle weakness

Less Common Signs of Hyperthyroidism

Goitre with bruit, atrial fibrillation, systolic HTN, pulse pressure, cardiac failure, hyper-reflexia

Rare Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

Vomiting, apathy, anorexia, exacerbation of asthma

Rare Signs of Hyperthyroidism

Gynaecomastia, spider naevi, onycholysis, pigmentation

Features of Grave’s Disease

Diffuse goitre with bruit, ophthalmopathy, peritibial myxoedema, positive TSH receptor AB

Features of Non-Grave’s disease

Recent pregnancy, neck pain, flu like illness, palpable MNG or solitary nodule

First Line Investigations for Thyrotoxicosis

Serum T3, T4 are both elevated, Serum TSH is undetectable

Definitive treatment of thyrotoxicosis

Anti-thyroid drugs, radioactive iodine or surgery

Important signs of Thyrotoxic Crisis

Fever, agitation, confusion, tachycardia or AF & cardiac failure

Common symptoms of Hypothyroidism

Weight gain, cold intolerance, fatigue, somnolence, dry skin, dry hair, menorrhagia

Less common sings of Hypothyroidism

Hoarse voice, purplish lips, malar flush, periorbital oedema, loss of lateral 1/3 of eyebrows, anaemia, carotenaemia, erythema ab igne, bradycardia, hypertension, delay relaxation of tendon reflexes, dermal myxoedema

Rare sings of Hypothyroidism

Ileus, ascitis, pericardial and pleural effusions, cerebellar ataxia, myotonia