2.2 Animal and Plant Cells

nucleus

controls all cell activities

nuclear membrane

protects the contents of the nucleus

nucleolus

makes ribosomes

chromosomes

contains the genetic information of the cell

cytoplasm

contains organelles and other life-supporting materials, such as sugar and water

cell wall

provides support for the plant cell

cell membrane

a protective barrier around the cell that controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell

mitochondria

supplies the energy

ribosomes

where proteins are made

lysosomes

digestion takes place

endoplasmic reticulum

a network of tubes that carry materials through the cells

vacuoles

a sac that stores nutrients, waste, and other substances used by the cell

golgi apparatus

sorts and packages proteins

cytoskeleton

helps maintain the cell’s shape

chloroplasts

traps energy from the Sun to make glucose

cell theory

1. all living organisms are made up of one or more cells

2. the cell is the basic organizational unit of life

3. all cells come from pre-exisitng cells

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

makes lipids, processes carbohydrates and modifies toxic chemicals in the cell

rough endoplasmic reticulum

contains ribosomes on its surface and makes proteins to be secreted by the cell, makes new cell membranes