CLP | 2nd Exam Reviewer

World Literature

This refers to the body of literary works that have been created, distributed, and circulated beyond their country of origin.

Literary Criticism

This refers to the study, analysis, and evaluation of imaginative literature.

lenses

“Critical Approaches, sometimes called _____, are different perspectives we consider when looking at a piece of literature.”

Reader-Response Criticism

This LITERARY APPROACH removes the focus from the text and places it on the reader instead, by attempting to describe what goes on in the reader’s mind during the reading of a text.

Reader-Response

“_____ critics are not interested in a ‘correct’ interpretation of a text or what the author intended.”

Reader-Response Approach

IMPORTANT IDEAS IN _____ APPROACH:

“An individual reader’s interpretation usually changes overtime.”

Reader-Response Approach

IMPORTANT IDEAS IN _____ APPROACH:

“Readers from different generations and period interpret texts differently.”

Reader-Response Approach

Which type of LITERARY APPROACH does the ff. question fit with?

“Who is the reader?”
“Who is the implied reader?”

Reader-Response Approach

Which type of LITERARY APPROACH does the ff. question fit with?

“What experiences, thoughts, or knowledge does the text evoke?”

Reader-Response Approach

Which type of LITERARY APPROACH does the ff. question fit with?

“What aspects or characters of the text do you identify / disidentify with, and how does this process of identification affect your response to the text?”

Sociological Criticism

This LITERARY APPROACH analyzes how society functions within literature and how literature functions within society.

Sociological Criticism

This LITERARY APPROACH is directed to understanding literature in its larger social context.

Sociological Criticism

This LITERARY APPROACH codifies the literary strategies that are employed to represent social constructs.

Marxist Criticism, Feminist Criticism

What are the 2 most prominent subcategories of SOCIOLOGICAL CRITICISM?

Feminist Criticism

This subcategory of SOCIOLOGICAL CRITICISM tries to correct predominantly male-dominated critical perspective with a feminist consciousness.

Feminist Criticism

This subcategory of SOCIOLOGICAL CRITICISM asserts that most literature throughout time has been written by men, for men.

Feminist Criticism

This subcategory of SOCIOLOGICAL CRITICISM is an attempt to understand representation from a woman’s point of view and analyze women’s writing strategies in the context of their social conditions.

Queer Theory

This subcategory of SOCIOLOGICAL CRITICISM examines how sexual identity influences the creation and reception of literary works.

Queer Theory

This subcategory of SOCIOLOGICAL CRITICISM is a relatively recent and evolving school of criticism, which questions and problematizes the issues of gender identity and sexual orientation in literary texts.

Queer Theory

This subcategory of SOCIOLOGICAL CRITICISM overlaps in many respects with feminist theory in its aims and goals, being at once political and practical. To many theorists, gender is not a fixed identity that shapes actions and thoughts, but rather a “role” that is “performed”.

Marxism Criticism

This subcategory of SOCIOLOGICAL CRITICISM is a strongly politically-oriented criticism deriving from the theories of the Social Philosopher, Karl Marx.

Marxism Criticism

This subcategory of SOCIOLOGICAL CRITICISM examines literature to see how it reflects the way in which dominant groups exploits the subordinate groups.

Marxist Criticism

This subcategory of SOCIOLOGICAL CRITICISM examines literature to see how it reflects the way in which people become alienated from one another through power, money, and politics.

Sociological Criticism

Which type of LITERARY APPROACH does the ff. question fit with?

“What is the relationship between the characters and their society?”

Sociological Criticism

Which type of LITERARY APPROACH does the ff. question fit with?

“Does the story address societal issues, such as race, gender, and class?”

Sociological Criticism

Which type of LITERARY APPROACH does the ff. question fit with?

“How do social forces shape the power relationships between groups or classes of people in the story? Who has the power, and who doesn’t? Why?”

Sociological Criticism

Which type of LITERARY APPROACH does the ff. question fit with?

“How does the story reflect urban, rural, or suburban values?”

Sociological Criticism

Which type of LITERARY APPROACH does the ff. question fit with?

“Does the story address issues of economic exploitation?”

Sociological Criticism

Which type of LITERARY APPROACH does the ff. question fit with?

“How does the microcosm (small world) of the story reflect the macrocosm (large world) of the society in which it was composed?”

Psychological Criticism

This LITERARY APPROACH refers to the analysis of an author’s unintended message.

Psychological Criticism

This LITERARY APPROACH has the main goal of analyzing the unconscious elements within a literary text based on the background of the author

Psychoanalytical Criticism

Psychological Criticism is also known as . . . ?

Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung

PSYCHOLOGICAL CRITICISM is mainly influenced by the work of . . . ?

Sigmund Freud

Who put forward the theory that literary texts are a manifestation of the secret unconscious desires and anxieties of the author? He concluded that evaluating the behavior of a character will help the reader to trace the childhood, family life, fixations, traumas, and conflicts.

Critical Race Theory

This LITERARY APPROACH is used in sociology to explain social, political and legal structures and power distribution as through a “lens” focusing on the concept of race and experiences of racism.

Critical Race Theory

This LITERARY APPROACH is an analytical framework that examines the ways race and racism intersect with culture, literature, and society.

Critical Race Theory

This LITERARY APPROACH seeks to understand how systemic racism affects individuals and communities.

Antistrophe

This refers to a FIGURE OF SPEECH that’s concerned with the repetition of the same word/s at the end of consecutive phrases.

Anaphora

This refers to a FIGURE OF SPEECH in which words repeat at the beginning of successive clauses, phrases, or sentences.

European Literature

This is a broad term covering the literary works produced in Europe, spanning many centuries, languages, and genres. 

Classical Period

PERIODS IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE:

1) _____
2) Medieval Ages
3) Renaissance
4) Enlightenment
5) Romanticism & Realism
6) Modernism
7) Post-Modernism

Medieval Ages

PERIODS IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE:

1) Classical Period
2) _____
3) Renaissance
4) Enlightenment
5) Romanticism & Realism
6) Modernism
7) Post-Modernism

Renaissance

PERIODS IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE:

1) Classical Period
2) Medieval Ages
3) _____
4) Enlightenment
5) Romanticism & Realism
6) Modernism
7) Post-Modernism

Enlightenment

PERIODS IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE:

1) Classical Period
2) Medieval Ages
3) Renaissance
4) _____
5) Romanticism & Realism
6) Modernism
7) Post-Modernism

Romanticism & Realism

PERIODS IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE:

1) Classical Period
2) Medieval Ages
3) Renaissance
4) Enlightenment
5) _____
6) Modernism
7) Post-Modernism

Modernism

PERIODS IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE:

1) Classical Period
2) Medieval Ages
3) Renaissance
4) Enlightenment
5) Romanticism & Realism
6) _____
7) Post-Modernism

Post-Modernism

PERIODS IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE:

1) Classical Period
2) Medieval Ages
3) Renaissance
4) Enlightenment
5) Romanticism & Realism
6) Modernism
7) _____

Classical Period

In this PERIOD IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE, most of the Ancient Western Literature (originally showcased orally) got destroyed. Some of it was forgotten before it was possible to commit to writing as fire, war, and the ravages of time have affected its transcription.

Classical Period

In this PERIOD IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE, the common literature produced were epic, tragedy, comedy, lyric, satire, history, biography, and prose narrative, which were established by the Greeks and Romans.

Iliad and the Odyssey

In the CLASSICAL PERIOD, one of the earliest surviving European works are the classical Greek epic poems like the “_____”, dating from the 8th Century BCE and attributed to the poet, Homer.

Homer

In the CLASSICAL PERIOD, one of the earliest surviving European works are the classical Greek epic poems like the “Iliad and the Odyssey”, dating from the 8th Century BCE and attributed to the poet, _____.

Medieval Ages

In this PERIOD IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE, the fall of the Roman Empire in 467 CE marked a turning point in the history of European literature. The Roman Catholic Church had spread throughout Europe thanks to the reach of the Roman Empire and the Church.

Medieval Ages

In this PERIOD IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE, many of the surviving texts are religious in nature, including hymns, theological writings, and so-called mystery plays, which usually depicted Biblical stories.

Renaissance

In this PERIOD IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE, its name was given for it meant “Rebirth”.

Renaissance

In this PERIOD IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE, it saw an explosion of artistic and cultural activity emerging from years of plague, famine, and political instability.

Renaissance

In this PERIOD IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE, literature started to be reproduced and distributed on a previously unimaginable scale.

Johannes Gutenberg

In the RENAISSANCE, around 1440, the German Goldsmith _____ invented the printing press, allowing literature to be reproduced and distributed on a previously unimaginable scale.

Renaissance

In this PERIOD IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE, France saw poetry being more flourished with the Pleiade group, and the Spanish Miguel de Cervantes writing “Don Quixote”.

Renaissance

In this PERIOD IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE, a significant literary form was Drama particularly in Elizabethan England, because of William Shakespeare.

Enlightenment

In this PERIOD IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE, the volume of printed material significantly increased across Europe and society placed greater importance on reason, individuality, and education.

Enlightenment

In this PERIOD IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE, the field of Science and Philosophy heightened with great thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau producing some of the period’s most influential texts.

Romanticism

In this PERIOD IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE, this specific literary movement emphasized individuality and strong emotions, as well as idealized nature. It explored universal themes such as love and loss.

Romanticism & Realism

In this PERIOD IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE, there came a rise of women writers.

Realism

In this PERIOD IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE, Romanticism had been overtaken by this movement as authors rejected idealization in favor of a realistic, if often bleak, depiction of everyday life.

Modernism

In this PERIOD IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE, the literature emphasized self-consciousness and pop art.

Modernism

In this PERIOD IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE, most of the text produced describes an increasing sense of crisis, urgency, and doubts about the 19th century’s faith in the psychological stability of the individual personality. 

Post-Modernism

In this PERIOD IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE, the characteristics of its literature are metafiction, intertextuality, fragmentation, parody & irony, and ambiguity.

Victor Hugo

This AUTHOR IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist of the Romantic Movement.

He was best known for his works such as . . .
> Les Miserables
> Notre-Dame de Paris
> Les Contemplations

William Shakespeare

This AUTHOR IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE was an English playwright, poet, and actor.

He was regarded as . . .
> Greatest Writer in the English Language
> World’s Prominent Dramatist
> England’s National Poet
> Bard of Avon

Dante Alighieri

This AUTHOR IN EUROPEAN LITERATURE was an Italian poet, writer, and philosopher. He was known for establishing the use of vernacular in literature at a time when most poetry was written in Latin.

He was best known for his works such as . . .
> La Divina Commedia (The Divine Comedy)

Euphemism

This refers to a mild or polite term used to replace a word or phrase that might be considered too blunt, harsh, or unpleasant.

African Literature

This is a rich and diverse body of work that reflects a continent’s complex history, traditions, and the unique voices of its people. It includes a broad range of genres, from traditional oral folktales, to modern novels, poetry, and plays.

African authors

_____ often explore themes such as identity, colonialism, liberation, and spirituality, as well as connection to nature, offering a window into the complexities and resilience of African societies.

African Literature

This refers to a body of traditional oral & written literatures in Afro-Asiatic and African languages together with works written by Africans in European languages.

Cradle of Humankind

Africa was also often regarded to as what . . . ?

15th century

From the _____ century, European explorers, traders, and eventually colonizers arrived, leading to the Transatlantic Slave Trade, which forcibly transported millions of Africans to the Americas.

Transatlantic Slave Trade

From the 15th century, European explorers, traders, and eventually colonizers arrived, leading to the _____, which forcibly transported millions of Africans to the Americas.

19th century

The _____ century’s “Scramble for Africa” saw European powers divide nearly the entire continent through colonial rule, imposing new borders, extracting resources, and disrupting traditional societies.

Scramble for Africa

The 19th century’s “_____” saw European powers divide nearly the entire continent through colonial rule, imposing new borders, extracting resources, and disrupting traditional societies.

mid-20th century

In the _____ century, African countries began to achieve independence. The postcolonial period has been marked by challenges, including political struggles, economic dependencies, and social transformations, but also by resilience and growth.

independence

In the mid-20th century, African countries began to achieve _____. The postcolonial period has been marked by challenges, including political struggles, economic dependencies, and social transformations, but also by resilience and growth.

Early African Oral Literature

TIMELINE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE

1) _____
2) Transatlantic Slave Trade | Colonial Period
3) Rise of Modern African Literature
4) Postcolonial African Literature
5) Contemporary African Literature

Transatlantic Slave Trade

TIMELINE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE

1) Early African Oral Literature | Pre-Colonial Period
2) _____
3) Rise of Modern African Literature
4) Postcolonial African Literature
5) Contemporary African Literature

Rise of Modern African Literature

TIMELINE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE

1) Early African Oral Literature | Pre-Colonial Period
2) Transatlantic Slave Trade | Colonial Period
3) _____
4) Postcolonial African Literature
5) Contemporary African Literature

Postcolonial African Literature

TIMELINE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE

1) Early African Oral Literature | Pre-Colonial Period
2) Transatlantic Slave Trade | Colonial Period
3) Rise of Modern African Literature
4) _____
5) Contemporary African Literature

Contemporary African Literature

TIMELINE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE

1) Early African Oral Literature
2) Transatlantic Slave Trade
3) Rise of Modern African Literature
4) Postcolonial African Literature
5) _____

Early African Oral Literature

TIMELINE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE

“This PERIOD OF AFRICAN LITERATURE began with oral traditions. Stories, proverbs, epics, and songs are passed down orally through generations with griots (storytellers) playing a key role in preserving history.”

Early African Oral Literature

TIMELINE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE

PRIMARY THEMES —
> Creation Myths and Origin Stories
> Ancestry and Lineage
> Morality and Social Values
> Heroism and Leadership
> The Supernatural and Spiritual Beliefs
> Harmony with Nature
> Community and Social Responsibility
> Wisdom and Knowledge
> Gender Roles and Family Structures

Early African Oral Literature

TIMELINE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE

“This PERIOD OF AFRICAN LITERATURE was rich with themes that emphasized spirituality, moral values, nature, and the importance of community. These themes helped preserve cultural knowledge, reinforce social norms, and foster a shared identity within African societies.”

Transatlantic Slave Trade

TIMELINE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE

“This PERIOD OF AFRICAN LITERATURE had mostly oral, but also including some written accounts.”

Transatlantic Slave Trade

TIMELINE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE

PRIMARY THEMES —
> Loss and Separation
> Resistance and Resilience
> Survival and Adaptation
> Identity and Cultural Memory
> Condemnation of Oppression and Injustice
> Religious Faith and Spirituality
> Solidarity and Community
> Hope and Aspiration for Freedom
> Moral Instruction and Cautionary Tales
> Emergence of Early African Nationalism

Transatlantic Slave Trade

TIMELINE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE

“This PERIOD OF AFRICAN LITERATURE encapsulated themes of loss, resilience, cultural preservation, condemnation of injustice, and hope for liberation. It served as both a reflection of the harsh realities of the time and a source of strength and inspiration for generations to come.”

Rise of Modern African Literature

TIMELINE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE

“This PERIOD OF AFRICAN LITERATURE was when African writers began producing literature that expressed African perspectives, challenging colonial narratives and addressing the complex social, political, and cultural changes of the time.”

Rise of Modern African Literature

TIMELINE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE

PRIMARY THEMES —
> Colonial Critique and Anti-Colonial Sentiment
> Cultural Identity and Pride in African Heritage
> Conflict Between Tradition and Modernity
> Independence, Nationalism, and the Aspiration for Freedom
> Impact of Western Education and Religion
> Racial Identity and the Experience of African Diaspora
> Resistance and the Role of the Individual in Social Change
> Gender Roles and Women’s Experiences Autonomy
> Critique of Social Inequality and Class Structure

Rise of Modern African Literature

TIMELINE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE

“This PERIOD OF AFRICAN LITERATURE was characterized by themes of anti-colonialism, cultural pride, and the struggle between tradition and modernity, the aspirations for independence, and the complex impacts of Western influence. These themes allowed African writers to reclaim African narratives, challenge stereotypes, and express the hopes and challenges of their societies as they moved toward independence.”

Postcolonial African Literature

TIMELINE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE

“This PERIOD OF AFRICAN LITERATURE was when African literature experienced a tremendous growth and transformation. As many African countries gained independence, writers used literature as a platform to examine the complexities of liberation, identity, and the struggles that came with newfound autonomy.”

Postcolonial African Literature

TIMELINE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE

“This PERIOD OF AFRICAN LITERATURE had gained female characters within the Igbo culture, presenting African women’s roles and perspectives within traditional and modern context.”

Postcolonial African Literature

TIMELINE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE

PRIMARY THEMES —
> Rise of Literary Voices Addressing Independence and Decolonization
> Themes of Disillusionment with Post-Independence Realities
> Exploration of Identity, Culture, and Tradition
> Development of African Women’s Voices in Literature
> Emergence of New Literary Forms and Experimentation
> Establishment of Literary Platforms and Awards
> Political Involvement and Censorship

Postcolonial African Literature

TIMELINE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE

“This PERIOD OF AFRICAN LITERATURE was a time of introspection, activism, and creativity. Authors grappled with the challenges of independence, explored African identity and culture, and navigated the complexities of gender and society. Their work laid a foundation for contemporary African literature.”

Contemporary African Literature

TIMELINE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE

“This PERIOD OF AFRICAN LITERATURE explores a rich array of themes that reflect the social, political, and cultural complexities of modern Africa and the African diaspora.”