BIo 1AL- lab 11 exercise physiology

systemic circulation

Left heart, oxygenated blood

pulmonary circulation

right heart, deoxygenated blood

arteries

distribute blood and sustain pressure during diastole

diastole

heart muscle relaxation, chambers fill with blood

arterioles

smooth muscle regulating blood flow/pressure by constricting and dilating

capillaries

exchange O2 and nutrients and CO2/wastes from/to tissues

veins

low pressure blood flow to heart

bronchu

main trunk of airway stemming R and L from trachea

• warm, humidify and cleanse (same as trachea)

bronchioles

smaller airways stemming from bronchus, end in capillaries

• autonomically controlled by dilating/constricting smooth muscle

capillary

where alveoli are

• look like bunches of grapes at ends of bronchioles

alveoli

exchange O2 into and CO2 out of alveolar capillaries

gases diffuse down concentration gradient

• high partial pressure —> low partial pressure

oxygen exchange from alveolus in lungs

pulmonary capillaries

oxygen exchange from systemic capillaries

tissue cells

EKG (ECG)

• P wave = SA depolarization, atria contraction

• QRS complex = ventricular depolarization/contraction, atria repolarize/relax

• T wave = ventricles repolarize/relax

• PQ interval = AV node conduction time

• QT interval = duration of ventricular depolarization + repolarization

arterial blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP)

• arterial blood pressure maintained by

  • diastolic BP (vent. relaxation)

  • systolic BP (vent contraction)

• MAP- average pressure driving blood into tissues

  • MAP = DBP + 1/3 (SBP-DBP)

total peripheral resistance (TPR)

resistance that blood encounters as it flows through system

• MAP = CO X TPR

• affected by vessel dia. mostly, blood viscosity, vessel length, sympathetic nervous system

Cardiac output (CO)

volume of blood the heart pumps/min

• CO = HR x stroke volume

• typical adult is around 5L/min at rest

heart sounds/meaning

• lub (first sound): AV valves closing as blood moves from atria to ventricles; just after QRS complex

• dub (second sound): semilunar valves closing as blood moves from ventricles into pulm. trunk and aorta; just after the T wave

electrical conduction pathway

SA node, atrial muscle, AV node, conduction system in myocardial muscle, ventricular muscle

RR interval

seconds/beat

• HR (beat/sec) = 1/RR

• HR (bear/min) = 60/RR