Nutrients for Blood Health

These flashcards cover key vitamins, minerals, and concepts related to blood health, including functions, food sources, deficiencies, and toxicity.

Iron

A key component of hemoglobin in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the body.

Zinc

Involved in the production of hemoglobin and other metabolic processes.

Copper

Facilitates the binding of iron to transferrin, the iron-transport protein.

Vitamin K

Essential for blood clotting and the synthesis of proteins needed for bone formation.

Plasma

The fluid portion of blood, making up about 55% of total blood volume.

Red blood cells

Account for approximately 45% of blood volume and transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues.

Platelets

Make up less than 1% of blood volume and are required for blood clotting.

White blood cells

Less than 1% of blood volume and help defend the body against infection.

Hepcidin

A hormone that regulates iron balance in the body.

Ferritin

An iron-storage protein that stores iron in the body.

Transferrin

An iron-transport protein that carries iron in the bloodstream.

Hemosiderin

An iron storage protein that releases iron more slowly than ferritin.

Iron overload

Toxic accumulation of iron in tissues, particularly in the liver and heart.

Hemochromatosis

A genetic disorder that causes excess iron absorption leading to iron overload.

Vitamin C

Enhances the absorption of nonheme iron when consumed with iron-rich foods.

Phytates

Compounds found in legumes and grains that inhibit iron absorption.

Iron deficiency anemia

A condition characterized by pale, small red blood cells due to insufficient iron.

Pica

An abnormal appetite for non-nutritious substances, often associated with iron deficiency.

Copper deficiency

Rare condition often due to genetic disorders like Menkes disease.

Wilson's disease

A genetic disorder causing copper accumulation in the body, leading to toxicity.

Cofactor

A substance that is essential for the activity of an enzyme.