Human Body - from Cell to Organism

Metabolism

network of chemical reactions carried out

Autotrophs

use CO2 for synthesis of macromolecules

Heterotrophs

obtain energy by ingesting complex carbon-containing compounds

Catabolic Reactions

degrade big molecules to smaller molecules and release ATP

Anabolic Reactions

use ATP to synthesize big molecules

Main 4 Organic Molecules

proteins
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids

Enzymes

catalyze chemical reactions

Protein Functions

enzymes that regulate metabolism
building blocks for cell structures
transport molecules
regulate functions of the cells and organism

Protein Composition

amino acids

Lipids Functions

energy storage
cell membrane component
signalling molecules

Lipids Types

triglycerides
phospholipids
cholesterol

Carbohydrates Functions

nutritional storage
structural molecules

Carbohydrate Types

monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides

Nucleotide Bases

adenine
guanine
cytosine
thymine
uracil

DNA shape

double stranded helix

DNA function

carries the genetic instructions for protein synthesis

RNA shape

single strand

mRNA function

encodes protein synthesis

Transcription

DNA to RNA

Translation

RNA to protein

2 Cell Types

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes