Human Body - from Cell to Organism

Metabolism

Metabolism

network of chemical reactions carried out

Autotrophs

use CO2 for synthesis of macromolecules

Heterotrophs

obtain energy by ingesting complex carbon-containing compounds

Catabolic Reactions

degrade big molecules to smaller molecules and release ATP

Anabolic Reactions

use ATP to synthesize big molecules

Main 4 Organic Molecules

proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids

Enzymes

catalyze chemical reactions

Protein Functions

enzymes that regulate metabolism building blocks for cell structures transport molecules regulate functions of the cells and organism

Protein Composition

amino acids

Lipids Functions

energy storage cell membrane component signalling molecules

Lipids Types

triglycerides phospholipids cholesterol

Carbohydrates Functions

nutritional storage structural molecules

Carbohydrate Types

monosaccharides disaccharides polysaccharides

Nucleotide Bases

adenine guanine cytosine thymine uracil

DNA shape

double stranded helix

DNA function

carries the genetic instructions for protein synthesis

RNA shape

single strand

mRNA function

encodes protein synthesis

Transcription

DNA to RNA

Translation

RNA to protein

2 Cell Types

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes