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Little Albert
Conditioned to fear fuzzy objects by Watson.
Operant Conditioning
Behavior influenced by environmental outcomes.
Positive Reinforcement
Adding stimulus to increase desired behavior.
Negative Reinforcement
Removing stimulus to increase desired behavior.
Positive Punishment
Adding stimulus to decrease undesired behavior.
Negative Punishment
Removing stimulus to decrease undesired behavior.
Fixed Ratio
Reinforcement after a set number of responses.
Variable Ratio
Reinforcement after unpredictable number of responses.
Fixed Interval
Reinforcement after a fixed time period.
Variable Interval
Reinforcement after varying time intervals.
Shaping
Reinforcement for successive approximations of behavior.
Wilhelm Wundt
Known as the 'Father of Psychology'.
Introspection
Self-examination of conscious thoughts.
William James
Proposed functionalism, opposing structuralism.
Freud
Focused on the unconscious mind.
Karl Popper
Falsifiability is key for scientific theories.
Pavlov
Conducted classical conditioning experiments with dogs.
Behaviorism
Study of observable behavior, ignoring mental processes.
Frontal Lobe
Responsible for speech, movement, and personality.
Limbic System
Involved in emotion and memory processing.
Glutamate
Excitatory neurotransmitter linked to learning.
Serotonin
Involved in mood regulation and sleep.
Dopamine
Linked to movement and reward pathways.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Motivational theory from basic to self-fulfillment.
Hypothalamus
Regulates motivated behaviors like hunger and thirst.
Sexual Response Cycle
Stages: excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution.