kinetic particle theory

solid

• arrangment: very closely packed in a orderly arrangement

• movement: vibrate about its fixed position

• forces of attraction between particles: very strong

liquid

• arrangment: closely packed in a disorderly arrangement

• movement: slide past one another

• forces of attraction between particles: strong

gas

• arrangment: very far apart in a disorderly manner

• movement: moves quickly and randomly in any direction

• forces of attraction between particles: very weak

kinetic particle theory of boiling

• particle gains energy, thermal energy is converted to kinetic energy, particles moves faster

• when temp is high enough, particles overcome forces of attraction between each other, particles are far apart and a gas is formed

kinetic particle theory of melting

• particles gain energy, thermal energy is converted to kinetic energy, particles move faster

• when temp is high enough, particles are able to overcome forces of attraction between one another, particles are closely packed in a disorderly manner, a liquid is formed

kinetic particle theory of freezing

• particles lose energy, kinetic energy is converted to thermal energy and is lost to the surrounding, particles move slower

• when temp is low enough, particles are pulled closer together by stronger forces of attraction into fixed position, a solid is formed

diffusion

• net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a lower concentration

factors affecting diffusion

• Mr - lower Mr, faster rate of diffusion as particles require less kinetic energy to move at same speed

• temperature - higher temp, faster rate of diffusion as more thermal energy is converted to kinetic energy