Science of Language - Variation

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8 Terms

1
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What is the study of the relationship between societies and language?

Sociolinguistics

2
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What are example of language variation?

  • Across regions and social/cultural groups

  • Within individuals (registers/ code switching)

3
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What is a criterion for distinguishing a language vs dialect?

  • Mutual intelligibility (British vs American English, NYC vs LA)

  • National border (Hindi vs Urdu)

4
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What kind of information does language variation cover?

  • Region

  • Race/ethnicity

  • Class/SESE

  • Age

  • Gender

5
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True or False: Language variation happens at all levels of lexical structure

True

6
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What are examples of language variation at different parts of lexical structure?

  • Word choice

  • Phonetic & Phonological variation (pronouncing the same word differently within the states)

  • Morpho-syntactic variation (word order and usage, Do a wash in Pittsburg)

  • Morphological (learned vs learnt)

  • Shall vs Will/should

7
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Labov’s experiment on r-fulness showed variation across the axis of…

Class or socioeconomic status (SES)

8
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What are examples of different registers?

  • Formal register

  • Casual Register

  • Child-directed speech register