Rad Positioning

Which of the following best describes the correct patient position for a lateral forearm?

Humerus and forearm 90 degrees, but it does not matter if they are in the same plane.

Humerus and forearm 90 degrees, in the same plane

Humerus and forearm 45 degrees, in the same plane

Humerus and forearm 45 degrees, but it does not matter if they are in the same plane.

Humerus and forearm 90 degrees, in the same plane

The hand should be pronated for the AP projection of the forearm.

False

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the ulna?

Styloid process

Ulnar notch

Coronoid tubercle

Radial notch

Ulnar Notch

The joint found between the base of the third metacarpal and carpal bones is the:

intercarpal

proximal metacarpophalangeal

carpometacarpal

interphalangeal

proximal metacarpophalangeal

For the lateral projection of the wrist, which surface of the wrist should be in contact with the IR?

Medial

Lateral

Anterior

Posterior

Lateral

The CR should be directed perpendicular to the forearm for the AP projection.

True

False

True

Which is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?

Scaphoid

Trapezium

Hamate

Lunate

Scaphoid

The hand is pronated for the lateral forearm position.

True

False

False

How much CR angulation to the long axis of the hand is required for the tangential projection to demonstrate the carpal sulcus (Gaynot Hart)?

10 degree to 15 degrees

25 degrees to 30 degrees

35 degrees to 45 degrees

5 degrees to 10 degrees

25 degrees to 30 degrees

The bending or forcing of the hand outward with the hand pronated in a posteroanterior (PA) projection is known as:

radial deviation

ulnar extension

ulnar deviation

radial abduction

Ulnar

Deviation

What two bony landmarks are palpated for positioning of the AP elbow?

Humeral epicondyles

Trochlea adn capitulum

Humeral condyles

Ulnar and radial heads

Humeral Epicondyles

The PIP joint is formed by the articulation of the ____.

Base of the proximal phalanx and the base of the middle phalanx.

Head if the proximal phalanx and the base of the middle phalanx.

Base of the proximal phalanx and the head of the middle phalanx.

All answers are true.

Head of proximal phalanx, base of the middle phalanx

What is the distance between the x-ray tube and the image receptor (IR) for a lateral forearm?

42"

39"

40"

30"

40"

Which of the following descibes correct IR/CR positioning for the Stetcher?

IR flat, perpendicular CR

IR flat, CR angled 15 degrees

IR angled 20 degrees, CR angled 15 degrees

IR angled 20 degrees, perpendicular CR

IR angled 20 degrees, perpendicular CR

Which of the following carpals articulates with the radius?

Trapezium

Capitate

Scaphoid

Pisiform

Scaphoid

A general positioning rule is to place the long axis of the ____ part to the long axis of the image receptor.

Perpendicular

axial

adjacent

parallel

Axial

Where is the CR center for a PA projection of the hand?

At the third distal interphalangeal joint

At the third metacarpophalngeal joint

At the base of the third metacarpal

At the third proximal interphalangeal joint

At the third metacarpophalngeal joint

Which of the following is not one of the evaluation criteria applied in the evaluation of images?

Anatomy Demonstrated

Patient Condition

Exposure Criteria

Collimation and CR

Patient condition

The anterior portion of the hand is referred to as the ____ side.

Palmer

Plantar

Distal

Dorsal

Palmer

Which of the following bones are classified as a long bone?

Cranium

Scapula

Carpal Bone

Humerus

Humerus

A radiograph of a PA oblique of the hand reveals that the mid-shaft of the fourth and fifth metacarpals are superimposed. What specific positioning error has been committed?

Excessive rotation of the hand and/or wrist laterally

Fingers of the hand are not parallel to IR

Insufficient rotation of the hand and/or wrist laterally

Incorrect CR angulation

Excessive rotation of the hand and/or wrist laterally

How many separate bones are found in the adult human body?

236

206

215

181

206

Which specific anatomy is better visualized with a fan lateral as compared with the other lateral projections of the hand?

Phalanges

Carpals

Sesamoid Bones

Carpometacarpal joints

Phalanges

Why is it important to keep the phalanges parallel to the image receptor (IR) for a PA oblique projection of the hand?

Prevents foreshortening of radio carpal joint

Prevents foreshortening of phalanges and obscuring of interphalangeal joints

Opens up the carpometacarpal joints

Demonstrates the sesamoid bones near the first interphalangeal joint

Prevents foreshortening of phalanges and obscuring of interphalangeal joints

Where is the central ray (CR) placed for a PA projection of the third digit?

At the head of the third metacarpal

At the metacarpophalngeal joint

At the distal interphalangeal joint

At the proximal interphalangeal joint

At the proximal interphalangeal joint

For the lateral projection of the elbow, how should the hand be adjusted?

Lateral with the thumb side up

Pronated

Lateral with thumb side down

supinated

Lateral with the thumb side up

A patient with a history of carpal tunnel syndrome comes to radiology. The physician wants to rule out abnormal calcifications in the carpal sulcus. Which of the following projections would best demonstrate this region?

Gaynor-Hart Method

Coyle Method

Carpal Bridge

Jones Method

Gaynor-Hart Method

Which of the following projections of the wrist will best demonstrate the wrist joint and intercarpal spaces?

Gaynor-Hart

PA Oblique

PA

Stecher

PA

A radiograph of the elbow demonstrates the radius directly superimposed over the ulna and the coronoid process in profile. Which projection of the elbow has been performed?

AP

External (lateral) rotation oblique

Lateral

Internal (medial) rotation oblique

Internal (medial) rotation oblique

How much rotation of the humeral epicondyles is required for the AP medial oblique projection of the elbow?

90 degrees

30 degrees

45 degrees

20 degrees

45 degrees

Which of the following structures is considered to be the most proximal?

Olecranon Process

Radial Tuberosity

Head of the Ulna

Radial Styloid process

Olecranon Process

The hand is pronated for the medial (internal) oblique projection of the elbow.

True or False

True

Which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head and tuberosity free of superimposition?

Lateral

AP oblique with external rotation

AP

AP oblique with internal rotation

AP oblique with EXTERNAL rotation

Which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile?

AP

Lateral

Medial rotation oblique

Lateral rotation oblique

Lateral

For the AP projection of the forearm, how should the elbow be positioned?

Flexed 45 degrees

Fully Extended

Flexed 90 degrees

Fully extended

What is the name of the joint found between the proximal and distal phalanges of the first digit?

Proximal Interphalangeal

Interphalangeal

Distal Interphalngeal

Metacarpophalangeal

Interphalangeal

How many degrees of flexion of the elbow are necessary for the lateral projection?

90 degrees

20 degrees

40 degrees

45 degrees

90 degrees

Which of the following actions will lead to the proximal radius crossing over the ulna?

Placing epicondyles parallel to the image receptor

Pronation of the hand

Supination of the hand

External rotation of the elbow

Pronation of the hand

Which of the following bony structures is found on the distal aspect of the ulna?

Coronoid process

all of the above

Head

Olecranon process

Head

For the AP projection of the elbow, how should the CR (central ray) be directed?

Perpendicular

Angled cephalically

Angled Caudally

Perpendicular

How should the humeral epicondyles be aligned for a lateral projection of the elbow?

Parallel to the image receptor

Perpendicular to the image receptor

30 degrees to the image receptor

45 degrees to the image receptor

Perpendicular to the image receptor

For the medial (internal) oblique of the elbow projection, how should the coronal plane through the humeral epicondyles be placed with reference to the IR (image receptor)?

Rotated medially 45 degrees

Parallel

Perpendicular

Rotated 45 degrees laterally

Rotated medially 45 degrees

When positioning the AP forearm projection, select and IR long enough to include the entire forearm from the _____ of the ulna, to the ______ of the radius.

head; styloid process.

olecranon process; styloid process

olecranon process; head

head; head

olecranon process, styloid process

Which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the trochlear notch in profile?

Lateral rotation oblique

Medial rotation oblique

AP

Lateral

Lateral

A patient arrives radiology with a metal foreign body in the palm of the hand. Which of the following hand routines should be performed to confirm the location of the foreign body?

PA and fan lateral projections

PA and flexion lateral projections

PA and extension lateral projections

PA and Gaynor-Hart Projections

PA and extension lateral projections

HAND

WRIST

ELBOW

FOREARM