SOUTH AFRICA DEMOCRACY

black consciousness

non-white students, Blacks needed own representation, non-violent

Soweto uprising

1976, students angry about Bantu Education Act, police used violence, lots of deaths

Steve Biko

arrested cause of Soweto uprising in 76, beaten & killed, 10k attended funeral

PW Botha

prez ‘78-79, refused to negotiate, more oppression, anyone arrested

United Democratic Front (UDF)

coalition of 100s of orgs, no specific leader, protested 1983 constitution

Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU)

30 unions, linked with UDF, freedom charter, spontaneous strikes

Civil Cooperation Bureau

special task forces to assassinate and abduct resistance leaders, raids on ANC and PAC

Mass Democratic Movement (MDM)

COSATU and UDF linked together

FW de Klerk

prez after Botha, began process of unbanning and negotiating with ANC

AWB

extreme right wing paramilitary group, SA Nazis

Total Strategy

policy to deal with unrest, SADF launched raids, CBC assassinated leaders, links with US and NATO

Third Force

NP used rivalry between ANC and Inkhata nationalist party and provided arms to divide black populace

CODESA

started negotiations for a Democratic SA in dec 1991

Boipatong Massacre

Inkhata killed 45 ANC supporters, responded with mass action from ANC, SACP and COSATU

Sunset Clause

Joe Slovo suggested “national unity”, assured minority protection

Chris Hani

former leader of MK assassinated, causes strain

1996 Constitution

public hearings, 5 year terms, liberal Bill of Rights, judicial review, outlawed death penalty, etc.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission

chaired by Desmond Tutu to investigate human rights violations during apartheid

Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP)

focused on infrastructure, black + economic growth, major funding issues

Growth Employment and Reconstruction Programme (GEAR)

shift toward private development, job creation led to developmennt, poverty is an obstacle