AP World History Chapter 5 Study Guide Vocab

It's just Vocab to help you effectively practice your terms.

Protestant Reformation

A religious movement in the 16th century that aimed to reform the practices and beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church, leading to the establishment of various Protestant denominations.

Martin Luther

1. German Monk who was AGAINST the Catholic Church’s idea of indulgences, which is essentially giving tribute to the church to have one’s sins ‘washed’ away.  Started the Protestant Reformation and formed the list of complaints/suggestions as a petition to interpret the bible themselves called the 95 theses.  

Thirty Years war

1. A series of  European religious conflict wars, from Protestant v.s. Catholics, to the territory of German states, and to trade, in 1618. Though about 15 to 30% of the German population declined from famine, war, and disease, this ultimately made France a dominant region, Spain/Austria more weakened, and warfare forever being transformed.  

Counter Reformation

1.  Basically a bunch of meetings from the Catholic Church that wanted to ‘Counter’ or ‘refuse’ any successions of the Protestant Reformation in the 16th C., as they were thought of heretics. This also includes countering their conversions or spread of influence.  

Jesuits in China

Jesuit missionaries, also known as the Society of Jesus or from Catholic Reformation founded by Ignatius of Loyola, who traveled in China to convert their population to Catholicism and spread Western Education in 1534 as a response to the Protestant Reformation.

Wahhabi Islam

1. An ultral-conservative, reform movement within Sunni Islam, which in other words is characterized as a Salafi revivalist movement within the 18th C.  Pretty much happened because the founder, Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab’ believed that the religious practices during his time were corrupted by Polytheism (Multiple Gods) and innovations (Bid’ah) that LED AWAY from “pure” Islam.  

Sikh Religion

1.  Its very belief lies on the spiritual devotion and reverence of God where it doesn’t have castes, it wasn’t Islam/Hinduism, but the focus on equality on genders.  Though, the 10th Guru, in addition to being influenced by the Bhakti Movement, made them a more political & militant movement in addition to a religious movement to protect themselves from the Mughal Empire and Hindu Pop.

Scientific Religion

1. A critical point in the development of Enlightenment that sides with a new way of thinking about the natural world in the 16th to 17th C.  This involved Gelileo’s argument against Copernicus’ idea of Earth Rotation around the Sun.  

Copernicus

1. He was a Polish astronomer and mathematician known as the father of modern astronomy, with that, the first European to spread his ideas that the Earth rotated around the sun.  Contributed to the Heliocentric theory, which is the belief that the center of the universe is the sun.  

(This guy just loves the sun essentially).

Galileo

1. He is the father of modern science and made major contributions to the fields of physics, astronomy, cosmology, mathematics and philosophy.  In other words, this guy was just as important as Copernicus, due to his contributions towards the Scientific Revolution.  Argued AGAINST Copernicus’ idea of Heliocentric Theory, and sided with Geocentric Theory, the center of the universe is believed to be at Earth.  

(This guy just loves Earth).

Newton

1. A guy I hate because of his contributions to Physics/Calculus to modern day…  But in AP World History, a man who discovered the Laws of Motion and Universal Gravity, who had accomplishments that inspired enlightenment because it helped apply reasoning to social sciences.  

Enlightenment

1.  Also known strictly as the “The Age of Reason”, as an intellectual movement that strongly emphasized reason and thought to solve problems.  It is pretty much “secular”, meaning scientific & academic without the incorporation of religion.  

Voltaire

1.  French Writer, historian, and philosopher famous for his intelligence, sharp satire, and relentless criticism of the political and religious establishment of his time.  His impact involves freedom of speech, Religious Tolerance, and Separation of Church & State.  

Kaozheng

1. Though not part of the European Scientific Revolution, it was a domestic Chinese movement during the Qing Dynasty (1644), that focused on rigorous textual criticism and historical scholarship.  They reacted to Neo-Confucianism and evidential learning.  

Their ultimate goal was to recover the authentic meaning of Confucian classics through inductive reasoning towards ancient texts that shaped their primary focus of humanities, like philosophy, textual criticism, and history as a broad term.