Types of bilingual educational policies and their outcome

Dual Language Schools

Two languages used approximately equally in the curriculum. Goal is to reach bilingualism, biliteracy, and multiculturalism. Academic success throughout curriculum

Immersion Schools

usually consist of majority language students. Second language is used as a medium of instruction from the start. Goal is Bilingualism and Biculturalism without the loss of academic achievement

Heritage Language Schools

minority language students, sometimes mixed with majority language students. Goal is to protect minority languages from withering and for students to reach bilingualism and biliteracy in both minority and majority languages.

European Schools

learning takes place in native and second language. More second language in major subjects in secondary school years. Goal is to achieve bilingualism and biliteracy in the official language of the EU.

International Schools

usually one language is the language of the school, second language taught as school subject or as medium of instruction for a part of the curriculum. Goal is to achieve bilingualism and biliteracy in prestigious languages

Transitional bilingual education

minority first language used as a medium of instruction for a couple years but then instruction is only done in majority language. Goal is to obtain dominance and literacy in the majority language

Submersion with withdrawal classes

additional language help (ESL) provided in the majority language by taking children out of the class. Goal is to achieve dominance or monolingualism and literacy in the majority language

Structured english immersion/sheltered english programs

instruction of academic subjects in modified/simplified english for most of the time in the first transitional year to english-only. Goal is for a quick complete transition to majority language

Submersion

language minority children are mixed in with language majority children with no additional help. Goal is to achieve dominance or monolingualism and literacy in the majority language