CNA knowledge test-Wisconsin

activities of daily living (ADLs)

daily personal care tasks, such as bathing; caring for skin, nails, hair, and teeth; dressing; toileting; eating and drinking; walking; and transferring.

assistive devices

Special equipment that helps a person who is ill or disabled to perform ADLS; also called adaptive devices.

chronic

Long-standing, constant. Opposite of acute

delegation

transferring responsibility to a person for a specific task

empathetic

being able to identify with and understand the feelings of others

holistic care

care that involves the whole person; this includes his or her physical, social, emotional, and spiritual needs

hospice care

holistic, compassionate care given to people who have approximately six months or less to live

intergenerational care

caring for children and the elderly in the same setting

abuse

purposeful or willful mistreatment that causes physical, mental, emotional, or financial pain or injury to a person

advance directives

legal documents that allow people to choose what medical care they wish to have if they are unable to make those decisions themselves

assault

a threat to harm a person, resulting in the person feeling fearful that he or she will be harmed

DNR

an abbreviation for do-not-resuscitate; an order that tells medical professionals not to perform CPR in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest

Domestic violence

physical, sexual, or emotional abuse by spouses, intimate partners, or family members

ethics

the knowledge of right and wrong; standards of conduct

false imprisonment

the unlawful restraint of someone which affects the person's freedom of movement; includes both the threat of being physically restrained and actually being physically restrained.

financial abuse

the improper or illegal use of a person's money, possessions, property, or other assets

HIPPA

an abbreviation for Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; a federal law that sets standards for protecting the privacy of patients' health information

invasion of privacy

A violation of the right to be left alone and the right to control personal information.

living will

A document that indicates what medical intervention an individual wants if he or she becomes incapable of expressing those wishes.

misappropriation

the deliberate misplacement, exploitation, or wrongful, temporary or permanent use of a resident's belongings or money without the resident's consent

neglect

failure to provide necessary care or services, resulting in physical, mental, or emotional harm to a person

OBRA

an abbreviation for Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act; law passed by the federal government that includes minimum standards for nursing assistant training, staffing requirements, resident assessment instructions, and information on rights for residents

ombudsman

a legal advocate for residents in long-term care facilities

resident's rights

rights identified in OBRA that relate to how residents must be treated while living in a long-term care facility; they provide an ethical code of conduct for healthcare workers

scope of practice

the tasks that healthcare providers are legally permitted to perform according to state or federal law

sexual abuse

any sexual act without consent

sexual harassment

any unwelcome sexual advance or behavior that creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment

slander

spoken defamation

workplace violence

verbal, physical, or sexual abuse of staff by other staff members, residents, or visitors

objective information

factual information collected using the senses of sight, hearing, smell, and touch; also called signs

subjective information

information collected from residents, their family members and friends; information may or may not be true, but is what the person reported; also called symptoms

anxiety

unease or worry, often about a situation or condition

defense mechanisms

unconscious behaviors used to release tension and/or help a person cope with stress

dyspnea

difficulty breathing

impairment

a partial or complete loss of function or ability

communicable disease

an infectious disease transmissible by direct contact or by indirect contact

disinfection

a process that destroys most, but not all, pathogens and other types of microorganisms

Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI)

an infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care

Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection, that causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function.

infection prevention

set of methods used to prevent and control the spread of disease

medical asepsis

measures used to reduce, remove, and control the spread of pathogens

microorganisms

a living thing or organism that is so small that it is only visible under a microscope: also called microbe

mucous membrane

the membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, or genitals

pathogens

microorganisms that are capable of causing infection and disease

personal protective equipment (PPE)

equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards

Standard precautions

a method of infection prevention in which all blood, body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes are treated as if they were infected with an infectious disease

sterilization

cleaning measure that destroys all microorganisms, including pathogens

atrophy

weakening or wasting away of muscles

body mechanics

the way the parts of the body work together when a person moves

chemical restraint

medications used to control a person's mood or behavior

contracture

the permanent and painful shortening of a muscle, tendon, or ligament that can restrict movement

cyanosis

blue or pale skin and/or mucous membranes due to decreased oxygen in the blood

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

RACE

acronym for steps taken during a fire; stands for Rescue-Activate-Contain-Extinguish

restraint

a physical or chemical way to restrict voluntary movement or behavior

MSDS

Material Safety Data Sheet; contains information on the possible health effects of exposure to chemicals

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

sheet that provides information on the safe use of and hazards of chemicals, as well as emergency steps to take in the event chemicals are splashed, sprayed, or ingested

ambulation

the act of moving or walking, with or without an assistive device

dangle

to sit up with the legs hanging over the side of the bed in order to regain balance

Fowler's

semi-sitting body position in which a person's head and shoulders are elevated 45 to 60 degrees

logrolling

moving a person as a unit, without disturbing the alignment of the body

mechanical lift

special equipment used to lift and move or lift and weigh a person; also called hydraulic lift

positioning

the act of helping people into positions that promote comfort and health

shearing

rubbing or friction resulting from the skin moving one way and the bone underneath it remaining fixed or moving in the opposite direction

supine

body position in which a person lies flat on his back

transfer belt

a belt made of canvas or other heavy material used to help people who are weak, unsteady, or uncoordinated to stand, sit, or walk; also called a gait belt

dentures

artificial teeth

edema

swelling in body tissues caused by excess fluid

edentulous

lacking teeth

plaque

a substance that accumulates on the teeth from food and bacteria

apical pulse

the pulse on the left side of the chest, just below the nipple

apnea

absence of breathing

orthostatic hypotension

a sudden drop in blood pressure resulting from a change in position, usually when standing up from a sitting or reclining position and often causing dizziness

radial pulse

the pulse located on the inside of the wrist, where the radial artery runs just beneath the skin

respiration

the process of inhaling air into the lungs (inspiration) and exhaling air out of the lungs (expiration)

tachycardia

rapid heart rate over 100 beats per minute

vital signs

Measurements of the body's most basic functions and useful in detecting or monitoring medical problems.

fasting

a period of time during which food is given up voluntarily

intake

the fluid a person consumes; also called input

nutrition

the process by which the body uses food to maintain health

output

fluid that is eliminated each day through urine, feces, and vomitus, as well as perspiration; also includes suctioned material and wound drainage

puree

to blend or grind food into a thick paste

absorption

the transfer of nutrients from the intestines to the cells

body systems

groups of organs that perform specific functions in the human body

colostomy

the surgical creation of an artificial opening between the colon and the body surface

constipation

the inability to eliminate stool, or the infrequent, difficult and often painful elimination of a hard, dry stool.

enema

a specific amount of water or other fluid, with or without an additive, introduced into the colon to stimulate the elimination of stool

fecal impaction

a mass of dry, hard stool that remains packed in the rectum and cannot be expelled

feces

solid body waste excreted through the anus from the large intestine; also called stool

Flatulence

air in the intestine that is passed through the rectum; also called gas or flatus

fracture pan

a bedpan that is flatter than a regular bedpan; used for small or thin people or those who cannot lift their buttocks onto a standard bedpan

ileostomy

the surgical creation of an artificial opening between the ileum, at the end of the small intestine, and the outside of the abdominal wall

ostomy

the surgical creation of an artificial opening to the body surface

peristalsis

muscular contractions moving food through the GI tract

specimen

a sample that is used for analysis in order to try to make a diagnosis

dialysis

a process that cleans the body of wastes that the kidneys cannot remove due to kidney failure

indwelling catheter

a catheter that stays in the bladder for a period of time.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

infection of the urethra, bladder, ureter, or kidney

Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

a disorder that can occur in men as they age, in which the prostate becomes enlarged and causes problems with urination and/or emptying the bladder

hormones

chemical substances produced by the body that control numerous body functions