renal and urinary drugs

atony

absence or lack of normal tone

detrusor

smooth muscle of urinary bladder

uremia

increased blood concentration of BUN, creatinine, and other nitrogenous wastes

diuretics

drugs used to remove excess extracellular fluid by increasing urine flow and sodium excretion and by reducing hypertension

furosemide (lasix, salix)

• type: loop diuretic

• works: inhibits reabsorption of sodium promoting diuresis; lowers BP

• uses: renal dysfunction and hypertension

• adverse effects: hypokalemia

spironolactone

• type: potassium sparing diuretic

• works: antagonizes aldosterone, causing less potassium to be excreted

• uses: renal dysfunction and hypertension

• adverse effects: hyperkalemia

mannitol

• type: osmotic diuretic

• works: exerts high osmotic pressure in the kidney tubules and limits tubular reabsorption

• uses: treat oliguric acute renal failure; reduce intracranial pressure

• adverse effects: fluid and electrolyte imbalances; hypokalemia

bethanechol (urecholine)

• type: cholinergic

• works: mimics acetylcholine (PNS) causing bladder muscle contraction

• uses: help void urinary bladder

• adverse effects: possible v/d. tremors

propantheline

• type: anticholinergic

• works: parasympatholytic; produces relaxation

• uses: treatment of urge incontinence

• adverse effects: decrease GI transit

phenoxybenzamine (dibenzyline), prazosin (mini press)

• type: adrenergic antagonist

• works: block sympathetic impulses; causes reduced internal urinary sphincter tone

enalapril (enacard), benazapril, captopril

• type: ACE inhibitors

• works: balances vasodilation decreasing blood pressure

• uses: heart failure, hypertension, chronic renal failure, protein losing glomerulonepathies

• adverse effects: complications with patients with renal insufficiency

dopamine (intopin), hydralazine

• type: vasodilator

• works: substituted for or used in combo with other meds to control hypertension

• uses: treat nonresponding hypertension

• adverse effects: hypotension, edema, heart failure

epoetin (epogen, procrit)

• type: recombinant human hormone

• works: mimics erythropoietin to stimulate RBC production

• uses: treat anemia in patients with CRF

• adverse effects: possible allergic reaction

propanolol

• type: beta-adrenergic antagonist

• works: inhibits action of catecholamines

• uses: control hypertension associated with chronic renal failure

• adverse effects: decreased cardiac output and bronchospasm

phenylpropanolamine (proin)

type: alpha-adrenergic agonist

works: increase urethral sphincter tone

uses: urinary incontinence, especially in spayed female dogs

adverse effects: restlessness, anorexia

methionine, ammonium chloride (uroeze)

• type: urinary acidifier

• works: produces acid urine

• uses: assists in dissolving and preventing struvite uroliths

• adverse effects: GI upset

potassium citrate (urocit-K)

• type: urinary alkalizer

• works: produces alkaline urine

• uses: management of ammonium acid urate, calcium oxalate, and cystine uroliths

• adverse effects: possible fluid and electrolyte imbalances

amitriptyline (elavil)

• type: tricyclic antidepressant and anxiolytic

• uses: idiopathic feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD)

• adverse effects: sedation