Lymphatic and Immune Systems Flashcards

Flashcards based on the Lymphatic and Immune Systems lecture notes for review.

What is the main function of the lymphatic system regarding tissue fluid?

Returns excess tissue fluid to the blood vascular system

What are the two types of immunity?

Innate and adaptive immunity

What type of immunity is present from birth?

Innate immunity

What type of immunity develops throughout life in response to invaders?

Adaptive immunity

Name three main components of the immune system.

Lymphocytes, lymphoid tissue, and lymphoid organs

What is the primary function of the immune system?

Protects from foreign organisms and confers immunity to disease

What type of molecules do lymphocytes recognize?

Specific foreign molecules

What is the function of lymphocytes?

Destroy pathogens effectively

What cells attack invaders after macrophages?

Lymphocytes

What are antigens?

Lymphocyte response inducing molecules

Where do lymphocytes originate?

Bone marrow

Where do T lymphocytes travel to mature?

Thymus gland

Where do B lymphocytes mature?

Bone Marrow

What does MALT stand for?

Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue

Where is MALT located?

Mucous membranes of the digestive, urinary, respiratory, and reproductive systems

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

Bone marrow and thymus

What is the function of the primary lymphoid organs?

Produce and help mature immune cells

Name three secondary lymphoid organs.

Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, aggregated lymphoid nodules, appendix

What are the three functions of the lymphatic system?

Drain excess tissue fluid, transport lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins, and assist the immune system

What is lymph?

Tissue fluid within lymphatic vessels

What are lacteals?

Specialized lymphatic vessels receiving chyle from intestines

What is the role of lymph nodes in the immune system?

Allow antigen/invader contact with both innate and adaptive immune responses and initiate the specific immune response

What is the role of the lymphatic capillaries?

Smallest lymph vessels that receive lymph and are highly permeable

What is the role of the collecting lymphatic vessels?

Collect from lymph capillaries

What vessels do lymph trunks collect lymph from?

Collecting lymphatic vessels

What vessels do lymph ducts empty into?

Veins of the neck

Where are lymphatic capillaries located?

Near blood capillaries everywhere but teeth, bone marrow, nervous system

What are mini-valve flaps?

Openings in lymphatic capillaries that allow fluid to enter

What do lymphatic capillaries collect?

Tissue fluid, protein molecules, bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells

What are anchoring filaments?

Hold lymphatic capillaries in place

What is chyle?

Fatty lymph

How is lymph propelled through collecting lymphatic vessels?

Squeezing of skeletal muscles, arterial pulsing, muscle in tunica media, and limb movements

Name two pumps that aid in lymph propulsion.

Respiratory pump and skeletal muscle pump

Name one major lymph trunk.

Lumbar, intestinal, bronchomediastinal, subclavian, or jugular trunks

Which trunks receive lymph from the lower limbs?

Lumbar trunks

Which trunk receives chyle from the digestive organs?

Intestinal trunk

Which trunks collect lymph from the thoracic viscera?

Bronchomediastinal trunks

Which trunks receive lymph from the upper limbs and thoracic wall?

Subclavian trunks

Which trunks drain lymph from the head and neck?

Jugular trunks

Where is the cisterna chyli located?

At the union of lumbar and intestinal trunks

Where does the thoracic duct empty into?

Junction of left internal jugular and left subclavian veins

What part of the body does the thoracic duct drain?

Three-quarters of the body

Where does the right lymphatic duct empty into?

Right internal jugular and subclavian veins

What is the function of lymph nodes?

cleanse lymph of pathogens, Sift lymph and contain high levels of immune cells

Where are superficial lymph nodes located?

Cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions

Where are deep lymph nodes located?

Tracheobronchial, aortic, and iliac regions

What is the function of the thymus?

T-cells mature and differentiate into T lymphocytes and secrete hormones

What two areas are the two parts of the lobules in the thymus?

Cortex and Medulla

What is the trabeculae?

Connective tissue strands divide lymph node into segments

What main function does the spleen have?

Removes blood-borne pathogens and destroys/removes old blood cells

What does the white pulp in the spleen do?

Location of antigen destruction

Name the Four groups of tonsils.

Palatine, Lingual, Pharyngeal and Tubal

What is GALT?

MALT in the digestive system

What is the function of the Appendix?

Tubular nodule from the cecum

What is Chylothorax?

Leakage of fatty lymph into the thorax

What is Lymphangitis?

Bacteria/viral particles enter the lymphatic channels, causing lymph vessel inflammation

What is Mononucleosis?

Epstein-Barr viral infection; attacks B lymphocytes

What is Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

Lymph node cancer

What is Non-Hodgkins lymphoma?

Uncontrolled multiplication and metastasis of undifferentiated lymphocytes

What do Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes develop from?

Lymphatic sacs

What does the lymphatic system develop out of?

Outgrowth of the endoderm

What does Lymphoid organs, nodes, MALT arise from?

Mesodermal mesenchyme