Chapter 8- Orthopedics- Skeletal system

All of the following are facial bones except __________.

a. lacrimal

b. zygomatic

c. sphenoid

A blood test for uric acid is used to diagnose ________.

gout

The part of the skull that forms the posterior base of the cranium is the ________ bone.

Occipital Bone

Which surgical procedure might be performed to correct a deformity associated with hallux valgus?

bunionectomy

Gold compound drugs inhibit the immune system. They are used to treat __________.

rheumatoid arthritis

The breast bone is also known as the ________.

Sternum

The combining form spondyl/o- has the same medical meaning as which combining form?

vertebr/o-

The suffix -ics in the word orthopedics means __________.

Knowledge or practice

AKA and BKA are abbreviations for which type of surgery?

amputation

Intra-articular means pertaining to __________.

within the joint

During childhood, cartilaginous tissue is gradually replaced by bony tissue in a process known as __________.

ossification

Which is a fracture in which the bone is crushed into many small pieces?

comminuted

The combining form cost/o- means ________.

Rib

The combining form articul/o- means __________.

Joint

Which combining form means cartilage?

chondr/o-

The common name for kyphosis is __________.

humpback

The combining form tars/o- means __________.

ankle

The combining form malac/o- means __________.

softening

Which of the following is a nuclear medicine procedure to detect hot spots that indicate cancerous tumors in the bone?

scintigraphy

A/An ________ is a malignant tumor of the bone.

osteosarcoma

Bone cells that eat away old or damaged bone, releasing calcium into the blood, are called __________.

osteroclasts

All of the following statements are true about hemarthrosis except __________.

a. it is caused by trauma or a penetrating wound

b. it is treated with extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

c. it is a condition of blood in the joint

All of the following are examples of an orthosis except __________.

a. splint

b. rongeur

c. brace

Which is the medical word for collar bone?

clavicle

Which word parts do you need to build a medical word that means instrument used to examine a joint?

-scope, arthr/o-

An osteophyte is another name for ________.

a bone spur

All of the following are used during orthopedic surgery except __________.

a. rongeur

b. goniometer

c. chisel

axial skeleton

Bones of the head, chest, and spine (back) around which other bones move.

Occipital bone:

This single bone is the posterior cranium but also extends almost halfway forward on the inferior or bottom surface. It contains a most important hole—the foramen magnum. Foramen means window, and magnum means large.

Temporal bones:

The right and left bones form the sides of the skull. They have a thumb-like mastoid process that you can feel right behind your earlobe.

mastoid process

Bony projection of the temporal bone behind the ear that is rounded and downward pointing (thought to resemble a breast).

maxilla

Upper jaw bone. It contains two maxillary bones fused together.

mandible

Lower jaw bone

palatine bones

Facial bones that form the posterior part of the hard palate.

zygomatic bones

form your cheekbones and sides of the eye sockets.

hyoid bone

not connected to any other bone. This U-shaped bone is located at the front of the neck and serves as a connection point for muscles of the tongue and larynx. It is attached to the temporal bones by ligaments.

fontanel

Soft spot on a baby's head where the cranial sutures are still open. Also known as the soft spot.

xiphoid

The lowest part of the sternum

Ribs are divided into 12 pairs and are attached posteriorly to the

vertebrae

costal cartilage

Connective tissue that joins the ribs to the sternum.

The last two, most inferior, pairs of ribs do not attach to anything anteriorly, and so are called

floating ribs

Cervical vertebrae

C1—C7, are the first bones beneath the skull, and they form the neck.

Thoracic vertebrae

T1—T12, are the bones behind the chest and the bones that are the attachment points for the ribs.

Lumbar vertebrae

L1—L5, are the lower back bones at the waist. These are quite a bit larger since they carry more weight for the body

Sacrum:

composed of five bones that are fused together and form the posterior part of the pelvis. Only the first of the five, S1, is numbered.

Coccyx:

composed of three to five very small bones that are fused together to form the tailbone. They are not numbered.

Gel-filled "pillow" between unfused vertebrae

nucleus pulposus

Alternately known as the collar bone

clavicle

Bone that has the xiphoid process

Sternum

Name of the large, lower back bones

lumbar

Structure that attaches a rib to the sternum

coastal cartilage

First cervical vertebra

Atlas

Lateral bony projections from a vertebra

transverse processes

None of its three to five bones are numbered

coccyx

The 11th and 12th ribs

floating ribs

Also known as the shoulder blade

scapula

radius

Forearm bone on the thumb side of the lower arm.

ulna

Forearm bone along the little finger side of the lower arm.

olecranon

Large, square, bony projection on the proximal ulna (point of the elbow).

carpal bones

Eight small bones of the wrist.

metacarpal bones

Five long bones of the hand, one corresponding to each finger.

phalanges

The finger bones

periosteum

Thick, fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a bone.

What is a cartilage pad in a joint called?

meniscus

What is the name of a band that holds two bones together?

ligament

Closed fracture:

The bone does not break through the skin.

Open or compound fracture

The sharp edges of the broken bone break the skin.

Colles' fracture

A break of the radius near the wrist due to trying to stop a fall with the hand.

Comminuted fracture

The bone is crushed into small pieces. (Think of commuters crushed together on a bus or train wreck.)

Compression fracture

Vertebrae are compressed together when a person falls on the tailbone or because osteoporotic vertebrae collapse down on each other.

Greenstick fracture

In children, the bone only breaks on one side, like a green branch

Hairline fracture:

The break is so fine it is hardly visible on x-ray.

Oblique fracture:

The bone is broken along an angle.

Transverse fracture

The bone is broken straight across.

osteosarcoma

Tumor of the bone and connective tissue. Also known as osteogenic sarcoma.

chondroma

benign tumor.

osteoporosis

Abnormal condition of bone having small openings.

osteomalacia

Condition of bone softening

kyphosis

Abnormal condition of an excessive posterior bent to the thoracic spine. Also known as humpback or hunchback.

lordosis

Abnormal condition of excessive, anterior curvature of the lumbar spine. Also known as swayback.

scoliosis

Abnormal condition of a curved (C-shaped or S-shaped) lateral curvature of the spine.

genu valgum

Congenital deformity of the position of the knees. Also known as knock-knee.

genu varum

Congenital deformity of the position of the knees. Also known as bowleg.

talipes equinovarus

Congenital deformity with one or both feet turned inward in a fixed position. Also known as clubfoot.

hallux valgus

Deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes. Often a bunion develops at the base of the big toe.

True or False: A compound fracture can result in osteomyelitis.

TRUE

rheumatoid arthritis

Autoimmune disorder with the patient's own antibodies attacking cartilage and connective tissue in the joints.

osteoarthritis

Inflammation of the bone and joint. Also known as degenerative joint disease.

arthrography

Process of recording the joint using contrast dye and x-rays.

meniscus

Crescent-shaped cartilage pad found in some synovial joints like the knee.

densitometry

Process of measuring bone density. Also known as a DEXA scan, quantitative computerized tomography, or bone density testing.

reduction

Surgery to bring back the bone ends of a fracture and put them in place.

arthrodesis

Procedure to fuse together the bones in an unstable joint.

autograft

Tissue for implant or transplant that is taken from one's own self.

allograft

Tissue (skin) for implant (graft) from another person (cadaver).

arthroplasty

Process of reshaping by surgery on a joint. Also known as joint replacement surgery. (total hip or total knee replacement).

analgesic drug

Drug pertaining to being without the sensation of pain.

corticosteroid drug

Drug that is anti-inflammatory like corticosteroids from the adrenal cortex.