FINAL westcott microbio

Which of the following foods is NOT made by fermentation?

beer

bread

cheese

orange juice

orange juice

Who is considered the "father of Western medicine"?

Marcus Terentius Varro

Thucydides

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Hippocrates

Hippocrates

Who was the first to observe "animalcules" under the microscope?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Ötzi the Iceman

Marcus Terentius Varro

Robert Koch

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Who proposed that swamps might harbor tiny, disease-causing animals too small to see?

Thucydides

Marcus Terentius Varro

Hippocrates

Louis Pasteur

Marcus Terentius Varro

Which of the following was NOT a kingdom in Linnaeus's taxonomy?

animal

mineral

protist

plant

protist

6.

Which of the following is a correct usage of binomial nomenclature? (1-4)

Homo Sapiens

homo sapiens

Homo sapiens

Homo Sapiens

3 Homo Sapiens italic

.

Which scientist proposed adding a kingdom for protists?

Carolus Linnaeus

Carl Woese

Robert Whittaker

Ernst Haeckel

Ernst Haeckel

Which of the following is NOT a domain in Woese and Fox's phylogenetic tree?

Plantae

Bacteria

Archaea

Eukarya

plantae

Which of the following is the standard resource for identifying bacteria?

Systema Naturae

Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology

Woese and Fox's phylogenetic tree

Haeckel's General Morphology of Organisms

Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology

Which of the following types of microorganisms is photosynthetic?

yeast

virus

helminth

alga

alga

Which of the following is a prokaryotic microorganism?

helminth

protozoan

cyanobacterium

mold

cyanobacterium

.

Which of the following is acellular?

virus

bacterium

fungus

protozoan

virus

.

Which of the following is a type of fungal microorganism?

bacterium

protozoan

alga

yeast

yeast

Which of the following is not a subfield of microbiology?

bacteriology

botany

clinical microbiology

virology

botany

.

Which of the following has the highest energy?

light with a long wavelength

light with an intermediate wavelength

light with a short wavelength

It is impossible to tell from the information given.

light with a short wavelength

You place a specimen under the microscope and notice that parts of the specimen begin to emit light immediately. These materials can be described as _____________.

fluorescent

phosphorescent

transparent

opaque

fluorescent

Who was the first to describe "cells" in dead cork tissue?

Hans Janssen

Zaccharias Janssen

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Robert Hooke

robert hooke

Who is the probable inventor of the compound microscope?

Girolamo Fracastoro

Zaccharias Janssen

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Robert Hooke

Zaccharias Janssen

Which would be the best choice for viewing internal structures of a living protist such as a Paramecium?

a brightfield microscope with a stain

a brightfield microscope without a stain

a darkfield microscope

a transmission electron microscope

darkfield microscope

Which type of microscope is especially useful for viewing thick structures such as biofilms?

a transmission electron microscope

a scanning electron microscopes

a phase-contrast microscope

a confocal scanning laser microscope

an atomic force microscope

a confocal scanning laser microscope

.

Which type of microscope would be the best choice for viewing very small surface structures of a cell?

a transmission electron microscope

a scanning electron microscope

a brightfield microscope

a darkfield microscope

a phase-contrast microscope

a scanning electron microscope

What type of microscope uses an annular stop?

a transmission electron microscope

a scanning electron microscope

a brightfield microscope

a darkfield microscope

a phase-contrast microscope

a phase contrast microscrope

What mordant is used in Gram staining?

crystal violet

safranin

acid-alcohol

iodine

iodine

What is one difference between specimen preparation for a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and preparation for a scanning electron microscope (SEM)?

Only the TEM specimen requires sputter coating.

Only the SEM specimen requires sputter-coating.

Only the TEM specimen must be dehydrated.

Only the SEM specimen must be dehydrated.

only sem specimen requires sputter-coating

Which of the following individuals argued in favor of the theory of spontaneous generation?

Francesco Redi

Louis Pasteur

John Needham

Lazzaro Spallanzani

john needman

Which of the following individuals is credited for definitively refuting the theory of spontaneous generation using broth in swan-neck flask?

Aristotle

Jan Baptista van Helmont

John Needham

Louis Pasteur

louis pasteur

Which of the following scientists experimented with raw meat, maggots, and flies in an attempt to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation?

Aristotle

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Francesco Redi

francesco redi

Which of the following individuals did not contribute to the establishment of cell theory?

Girolamo Fracastoro

Matthias Schleiden

Robert Remak

Robert Hooke

girolamo fracastoro

Whose proposal of the endosymbiotic theory of mitochondrial and chloroplast origin was ultimately accepted by the greater scientific community?

Rudolf Virchow

Ignaz Semmelweis

Lynn Margulis

Theodor Schwann

lynn margulis

Which of the following developed a set of postulates for determining whether a particular disease is caused by a particular pathogen?

John Snow

Robert Koch

Joseph Lister

Louis Pasteur

robert koch

Which of the following terms refers to a prokaryotic cell that is comma shaped?

coccus

coccobacilli

vibrio

spirillum

vibrio

Which bacterial structures are important for adherence to surfaces? (Select all that apply.)

endospores

cell walls

fimbriae

capsules

flagella

fimbriae + capsules

Which of the following cell wall components is unique to gram-negative cells?

lipopolysaccharide

teichoic acid

mycolic acid

peptidoglycan

lipopolysaccharide

Which of the following terms refers to a bacterial cell having a single tuft of flagella at one end?

monotrichous

amphitrichous

peritrichous

lophotrichous

lophotrichous

.

Bacterial cell walls are primarily composed of which of the following?

phospholipid

protein

carbohydrate

peptidoglycan

peptidoglycan

.

Which of the following organelles is not part of the endomembrane system?

endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

lysosome

peroxisome

peroxisome

Which type of cytoskeletal fiber is important in the formation of the nuclear lamina?

microfilaments

intermediate filaments

microtubules

fibronectin

intermediate milaments

Sugar groups may be added to proteins in which of the following?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

lysosome

golgi apparatus

.

Which of the following structures of a eukaryotic cell is not likely derived

from endosymbiotic bacterium?

mitochondrial DNA

mitochondrial ribosomes

inner membrane

outer membrane

outermembrane

Which type of nutrient uptake involves the engulfment of small dissolved molecules into vesicles?

active transport

pinocytosis

receptor-mediated endocytosis

facilitated diffusion

pinocytosis

Which of the following is not composed of microtubules?

desmosomes

centrioles

eukaryotic flagella

eukaryotic cilia

desmonsomes

The term prokaryotes refers to which of the following?

very small organisms

unicellular organisms that have no nucleus

multicellular organisms

cells that resemble animal cells more than plant cells

unicellular organisms that have no nucleus

The term microbiota refers to which of the following?

all microorganisms of the same species

all of the microorganisms involved in a symbiotic relationship

all microorganisms in a certain region of the human body

all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

all microorganisms in a certain region of the human body

3.

Which of the following refers to the type of interaction between two prokaryotic populations in which one population benefits and the other is not affected?

mutualism

commensalism

parasitism

neutralism

commensalism

Which of the following describes Proteobacteria in domain Bacteria?

phylum

class

species

genus

phylum

5.

Which of the following Alphaproteobacteria is the cause of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus?

Bartonella

Coxiella

Rickettsia

Ehrlichia

Brucella

bartonella

.

Class Betaproteobacteria includes all but which of the following genera?

Neisseria.

Bordetella.

Leptothrix.

Campylobacter.

campylobacter

.

Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of which of the following?

influenza

dysentery

upper respiratory tract infections

hemophilia

upper respiratory tract infections

Which of the following is the organelle that spirochetes use to propel themselves?

plasma membrane

axial filament

pilum

fimbria

axial filament

Which of the following bacteria are the most prevalent in the human gut?

cyanobacteria

staphylococci

Borrelia

Bacteroides

Bacteroides

.

Which of the following refers to photosynthesis performed by bacteria with the use of water as the donor of electrons?

oxygenic

anoxygenic

heterotrophic

phototrophic

oxygenic

.

Which of the following bacterial species is classified as high G+C gram-positive?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Staphylococcus aureus

Bacillus anthracis

Streptococcus pneumonia

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

.

The term "deeply branching" refers to which of the following?

the cellular shape of deeply branching bacteria

the position in the evolutionary tree of deeply branching bacteria

the ability of deeply branching bacteria to live in deep ocean waters

the pattern of growth in culture of deeply branching bacteria

the position in the evolutionary tree of deeply branching bacteria

Which of these deeply branching bacteria is considered a polyextremophile?

Aquifex pyrophilus

Deinococcus radiodurans

Staphylococcus aureus

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Deinococcus radiodurans

.

Archaea and Bacteria are most similar in terms of their ________.

genetic

cell wall structure

ecology

unicellular structure

unicellular structure

Which of the following is true of archaea that produce methane?

They reduce carbon dioxide in the presence of nitrogen.

They live in the most extreme environments.

They are always anaerobes.

They have been discovered on Mars.

They live in the most extreme environments.

Which genus includes the causative agent for malaria?

Euglena

Paramecium

Plasmodium

Trypanosoma

Plasmodium

.

Which protist is a concern because of its ability to contaminate water supplies and cause diarrheal illness?

Plasmodium vivax

Toxoplasma gondii

Giardia lamblia

Trichomonas vaginalis

Giardia lamblia

fluke is classified within which of the following?

Nematoda

Rotifera

Platyhelminthes

Annelida

Platyhelminthes

.

A nonsegmented worm is found during a routine colonoscopy of an individual who reported having abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting. This worm is likely which of the following?

nematode

fluke

trematode

annelid

nematode

A segmented worm has male and female reproductive organs in each segment. Some use hooks to attach to the intestinal wall. Which type of worm is this?

fluke

nematode

cestode

annelid

cestode

Mushrooms are a type of which of the following?

conidia

ascus

polar tubule

basidiocarp

basidiocarp

Which of the following is the most common cause of human yeast infections?

Candida albicans

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Cryptococcus neoformans

Aspergillus fumigatus

Candida albicans

Which of the following is an ascomycete fungus associated with bat droppings that can cause a respiratory infection if inhaled?

Candida albicans

Histoplasma capsulatum

Rhizopus stolonifera

Trichophyton rubrum

Histoplasma capsulatum

Which polysaccharide found in red algal cell walls is a useful solidifying agent?

chitin

cellulose

phycoerythrin

agar

agar

Which is the term for the hard outer covering of some dinoflagellates?

theca

thallus

mycelium

shell

theca

.

Which protists are associated with red tides?

red algae

brown algae

dinoflagellates

green algae

dinoflagellates

You encounter a lichen with leafy structures. Which term describes this lichen?

crustose

foliose

fruticose

agarose

foliose

Which of the following is the term for the outer layer of a lichen?

the cortex

the medulla

the thallus

the theca

the cortex

The fungus in a lichen is which of the following?

a basidiomycete

an ascomycete

a zygomycete

an apicomplexan

an ascomycete

.

The component(s) of a virus that is/are extended from the envelope for attachment is/are the:

capsomeres

spikes

nucleic acid

viral whiskers

.

Which of the following does a virus lack? Select all that apply.

ribosomes

metabolic processes

nucleic acid

glycoprotein

ribosomes + metabolic processes

The envelope of a virus is derived from the host's

nucleic acids

membrane structures

cytoplasm

genome

membrane structures

In naming viruses, the family name ends with ________ and genus name ends with _________.

−virus; −viridae

−viridae; −virus

−virion; virus

−virus; virion

virdae + virus

What is another name for a nonenveloped virus?

enveloped virus

provirus

naked virus

latent virus

naked virus

.

Which of the following leads to the destruction of the host cells?

lysogenic cycle

lytic cycle

prophage

temperate phage

lytic cycle

A virus obtains its envelope during which of the following phases?

attachment

penetration

assembly

release

release

Which of the following components is brought into a cell by HIV?

a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase

RNA polymerase

ribosome

reverse transcriptase

reverse transcriptase

A positive-strand RNA virus:

must first be converted to a mRNA before it can be translated.

can be used directly to translate viral proteins.

will be degraded by host enzymes.

is not recognized by host ribosomes.

can be used directly to translate viral proteins.

What is the name for the transfer of genetic information from one bacterium to another bacterium by a phage?

transduction

penetration

excision

translation

transduction

Which of the followings cannot be used to culture viruses?

tissue culture

liquid medium only

embryo

animal host

liquid medium only

Which of the following tests can be used to detect the presence of a specific virus?

EIA

RT-PCR

PCR

all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is NOT a cytopathic effect?

transformation

cell fusion

mononucleated cell

inclusion bodies

mononucleated cell

Which of these infectious agents do not have nucleic acid?

viroids

viruses

bacteria

prions

prions

Which of the following is true of prions?

They can be inactivated by boiling at 100 °C.

They contain a capsid.

They are a rogue form of protein, PrP.

They can be reliably inactivated by an autoclave.

they are a rogue form of protein PrP

Which of these elements is not a micronutrient?

C

Ca

Co

Cu

c

Which of the following is the name for molecules whose structures are nonsuperimposable mirror images?

structural isomers

monomers

polymers

enantiomers

enamtiomers

By definition, carbohydrates contain which elements?

carbon and hydrogen

carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

carbon and oxygen

C H O

Monosaccharides may link together to form polysaccharides by forming which type of bond?

hydrogen

peptide

ionic

glycosidic

glycosidic

Which of the following describes lipids?

a source of nutrients for organisms

energy-storage molecules

molecules having structural role in membranes

molecules that are part of hormones and pigments

all of the above

all of the above

.

Molecules bearing both polar and nonpolar groups are said to be which of the following?

hydrophilic

amphipathic

hydrophobic

polyfunctional

amphipathic

Which of the following groups varies among different amino acids?

hydrogen atom

carboxyl group

R group

amino group

r group

The amino acids present in proteins differ in which of the following?

size

shape

side groups

all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following bonds are not involved in tertiary structure?

peptide bonds

ionic bonds

hydrophobic interactions

hydrogen bonds

peptide bonds

Which of the following characteristics/compounds is not considered to be a phenotypic biochemical characteristic used of microbial identification?

poly-β-hydroxybutyrate

small-subunit (16S) rRNA gene

carbon utilization

lipid composition

small subunit rRNA gene

Proteomic analysis is a methodology that deals with which of the following?

the analysis of proteins functioning as enzymes within the cell

analysis of transport proteins in the cell

the analysis of integral proteins of the cell membrane

the study of all accumulated proteins of an organism

the study of all accumulated proteins of organism

Which method involves the generation of gas phase ions from intact microorganisms?

FAME

PLFA

MALDI-TOF

Lancefield group testing

Maldi-tof

Which method involves the analysis of membrane-bound carbohydrates?

FAME

PLFA

MALDI-TOF

Lancefield group testing

Lancefield group testing

Which method involves conversion of a microbe's lipids to volatile compounds for analysis by gas chromatography?

FAME

proteomic analysis

MALDI-TOF

Lancefield group testing

FAME

1.

Which of the following is an organism that obtains its energy from the transfer of electrons originating from chemical compounds and its carbon from an inorganic source?

chemoautotroph

chemoheterotroph

photoheterotroph

photoautotroph

chemoautotroph