CH 1 basic nuclear medicine physics and CH 4 Non scintillation detectors

Rank the following major voltage regions for gas detectors from highest applied voltage to lowest applied voltage

1. ionization region

2. proportional region

3. Geiger region

1. Geiger region

2. proportional region

3. ionization region

True or False: gas-filled detectors are highly efficient for the detection of high-energy gamma photons and x-rays as well as low-energy beta particles

False

Which of the following radiation detectors are classified as ionization chambers

1. Pen dosimeter

2. Geiger counter

3. dose calibrator

Pen dosimeter

dose calibrator

True or False: because of the near-maximal ionization of the gas molecules in the Geiger counter in response to each interaction of radiation with a gas molecule in the detector Geiger counters cannot be used to distinguish between types or energies of radiation

True

True or False: the film badge unlike the pen dosimeter can provide some information about the type and energy of the radiation an individual has received

true

Which of the following are true about a dose calibrator

1. it functions in the proportional region of voltage for gas chambers

2. it is a type of ionization chamber

3. it can be used to measure the activity of radionuclides because the current produced in the circuitry is proportional to the number of primary ionizations produced in the chamber by the nuclide

it is a type of ionization chamber

it can be used to measure the activity of radionuclides because the current produced in the circuitry is proportional to the number of primary ionizations produced in the chamber by the nuclide

True or False: the roentgen is a measure of radiation exposure in tissue

false

Pocket dosimeters are useful because

They can be used for immediate readings of radiation exposure

True or False: quenching gases are added to reduce the dead time between counts in gas amplification chambers such as the Geiger counter

True

Which of the following are true about semiconductor materials

for incoming radiation of the same energy more ion pairs are created in a semiconductor than in air

they are relatively expensive to produce

which of the following materials are currently used for measuring accumulated exposure for individuals working with radioactivity

1. gas detectors

2. film

3. optically luminescent detectors

4. Geiger counters

5. thermoluminescent detectors

film

optically luminescent detectors

thermoluminesecnt detectors

The chemical interaction between various elements are mainly determined by

1. the number of protons

2. the number of neutrons

3. the number of electrons in the outermost shell

4. the number of protons minus the number of electrons

the number of electrons in the outermost shell

Which of the following statements are correct

atoms with atomic numbers Z>83 are inherently unstable

for light elements nuclear stability is achieved with equal numbers of protons and neutrons for heavier elements the number of neutrons exceeds the number of protons

For internal conversion to occur the excess energy of the excited nucleus must equal or exceed

the biding energy of the emitted electron

for an atom undergoing beta decay the average energy of the emitted beta particles is approximately

one-third of the maximum energy of the emitted beta particles

You receive a dose of TC-99m measuring 370MBq from the radiopharmacy at 10AM your patient, does not arrive in the department until 2pm how much activity in mCi remains (The T1/2 of Tc-99m is 6h. the constant e is equal to 2.718)

6.3mCi

Rank the following binding energies form largest to smallest

1. electron binding energy for outer-shell electrons

2. nuclear binding energy

3. electron binding energy for inner-shell electrons

nuclear binding energy

electron binding energy for inner-shell electrons

electron binding energy for outer-shell electrons

true or false: the term metastable refers to an intermediate state of nuclear decay lasting longer than 10^-12s prior to undergoing isomeric transition

true

which of the following is true regarding beta decay of specific radioisotope

the summed energy of the emitted beta particle and antineutrino is always the same

which unit of measurement for radioactivity is defined as one radioactive decay per second

Becquerel

10mCi equals how many MBq

370MBq

lighter nuclides (Z<83) with an excess of neutrons tend to decay by

Beta-minus decay

Which of the following statements are true

an alpha particle is the same thing as a helium nucleus

when orbital electrons move from an outer shell to an inner shell which of the following is not true

a mixture of gamma rays and internal conversion electrons can be emitted

For each of the five terms below choose the best definition

Terms

1. Isobars

atoms of different elements with equal atomic mass (A)

For each of the five terms below choose the best definition

Terms

Isotones

atoms of different elements (different Z) with equal numbers of neutrons (N)

For each of the five terms below choose the best definition

Terms

isotopes

isotopes - atoms of the same element (equal Z) with different numbers of neutrons (N)