BIOL 200 - Topic 2, chemistry

What is matter

matter is anything that has mass and takes up space; all matter is made up of atoms

states of matter

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

mass

amount of material in an object

volume

amount of space in an object

density

amount of matter in a given space

density formula

p = m/v

element

a pure substance consisting only of atoms that all have the same numbers of protons in their atomic nuclei and cannot be broken down further

molecules

formed when 2 or more atoms join together with a chemical bond

compounds

formed when 2 different elements join together with chemical bonds. all compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds

ions

atoms with a different number of protons and electron, has an electrical charge. can be positive (more protons) or negative (more electrons)

isotope

different number of neutrons, changes mass of an atom.

the interactions of electrons between different atoms creates

chemical bonds and molecules

ionic bond

when an atom loses electron(s) and another gains them

covalent bond

when electron(s) orbit two different atoms and is shared

nonpolar

when the electron(s) are shared equally in a covalent bond

polar

when the electron(s) are shared unequally which results in slight charges. a polar molecule has a positive and negative end

hydrogen bond

the attraction between molecules that is due to slight charges (polar bonds)

solution

solute + solvent