Nursing ATI TEAS 7 Test

Topic

the general subject of the the text

Main idea

the key message or thesis of the text

Key points

key points and their supporting details develop the main idea

Summary

a brief restatement of the main idea and the most important key points and details

Inference

a conclusion reached by critical thinking, reading between the lines, applying logic to facts and evidence while recognizing context clues

Inference (explicit)

clearly stated

Inference (implied)

implied; not directly stated

Conclusion

a deduction made about an unstated outcome based on prediction, details, evidence, and results

Descriptive

includes sensory details to create a clear mental picture for the reader

Expository

informs, explains, or tells how to do something; uses only facts and examples

Narrative

tells a story to entertain, inform, or challenge

Persuasive

includes facts and strong opinions to make the reader feel, think, or behave a certain way

Bias

tendency toward a preconceived idea

Connotative meaning

the implied meaning of a word, with assumptions or an emotional charge attached to it

Denotative meaning

the standard dictionary definition of a word

Rhetorical device

stylistic language used to have an emotional or persuasive effect on the reader

Tone

the writer's attitude or emotions concerning the topic

Argument

a point the author believes

Compare and Contrast

to compare means to look for similarities; to contrast means to look for differences

Prediction

a reader's guess of what could happen, based on details found in the text

Primary source

a firsthand, unaltered document by the original author or creator; includes novels, letters, original research papers, datasets, paintings photographs

Secondary source

a document that analyzes, discusses, or reproduces a primary source; includes textbooks and many other nonfiction books, review articles, biographies

Tertiary source

a reference work that consolidates information from primary and secondary sources; includes encyclopedias, handbooks, study guides

PEMDAS

parentheses, exponents, multiplication, division, addition, and subtraction

Least common denominator

the smallest number into which two or more denominators will divide evenly

Decimals

represent parts of a whole

Ratio

a comparison between the quantity of one item and the quantity of another item

Mean

the average of a set of numbers

Median

the middle number

Mode

the number that appears most often in a set of numbers

Range

measures the spread of a given set of numbers

Area

the amount of space within the boundary of the shape

Perimeter

the distance around the shape

Volume

the amount of space the object occupies or can hold, as measured in cubic units

Pythagorean theorem

applies to right triangles; a^2 + b^2 = c^2

Acute angles

angles <90 degrees

Hypotenuse

the side opposite the right angle

Straight angle

180 degree angle

Celsius to Fahrenheit

(C x 1.8) + 32

Fahrenheit to Celsius

(F - 32) / 1.8

Independent variable

can be manipulated

Dependent variable

the variable that is a possible effect

Balance

instrument used to measure an object's mass

Correlation

the relationship between variables

Positive correlation

both variables move in the same direction

Negative correlation

one variable increases while the other decreases

Distribution of data

symmetry, unimodal, bimodal, bell curve, skewed, uniform

Meniscus

the curve at the surface of a liquid in a tube

Outlier

a value that does not fit the pattern in the data

Simple probability

equals the number of specific desired outcomes divided by the total number of possible outcomes

Standard deviation

expresses how much a set of values is spread out from the mean

Coefficients

numbers that can be multiplied by one or more variables

Constants

specific numbers that are not multiplied by any variables

Expressions

are group of terms

Operators

are symbols used to show an operation (such as + and -)

Terms

can be constants, the product of a coefficient and a variable, or the product of two or more variables

Variables

are letters or symbols used to represent unknown numbers

FOIL

first, outer, inner, last

Superior (cranial)

toward the head of the body or a body structure; above another part of the body

Inferior (caudal)

toward the lower end of the body or a body structure' below another body part

Ventral (anterior)

toward the front of the body; in front of another structure or body part

Dorsal (posterior)

toward the back of the body; in front of another structure or body part

Medial

toward the middle of the body; on the inner side of another structure or body part

Lateral

toward one side of the body; on the outer side of another structure or body part

Intermediate

between medial and lateral

Proximal

closer to the truck of the body

Distal

farther from the trunk of the body

Superficial

close to the surface of the skin

Deep

far from the surface of the skin

Prone

lying on the stomach

Supine

lying on the back

Antecubital

front of the elbow

Axillary

armpit

Buccal

cheek

Cephalic

head

Ocular/Orbital

eye

Patellar

front of knee

Popliteal

back of knee

Sacral

between the hips

Tarsal

ankle

Thoracic

chest

Brachial

arm

Carpal

wrist

Cervical

neck

Respiratory System

transports oxygen into the body's cells and removes carbon dioxide

Respiratory system (main structures)

nasal and oral cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, left and right bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, diaphragm

Alveoli

tiny, thin-walled air sacs at the ends of the smallest bronchioles where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

Bronchi

main passageways directly attached to the lungs; they subdivide into smaller and smaller branches (bronchioles)

Capillaries

smallest blood vessels made of a single layer of endothelial cells which form networks to connect the arterial and venous systems and exchange materials between blood and the body's tissues. In the lungs they connect with alveoli for gas exchange

Diaphragm

large, dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. Primary muscle of respiration. With inspiration (inhaling), in contracts and moves down, decreasing pressure and making room for the lungs to expand. With expiration (exhaling), it relaxes and moves up, and air leaves the lungs.

Diffusion

method of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs. Takes place in the capillaries in the alveoli. Molecules move passively from areas of high to low concentration

Intercostal muscles

muscles between the ribs that assist with breathing

Lobe

divisions in the lung. The right lung has 3 and the left lung has 2

Trachea

the windpipe, which connects the larynx to the lungs

Cardiovascular/Circulatory System

moves blood through the body to transport oxygen, nutrients, chemical messengers, and immune molecules and to remove waste

Closed, Double-loop Circulatory System

transports blood away and back to the heart and connects arteries to veins in tissues via capillaries

Pulmonary loop

deoxygenated blood goes from the heart's right ventricle to the lungs, where it obtains oxygen and goes into the heart's left atrium

Systemic loop

oxygenated blood is pumped out of the left ventricle and aorta to deliver oxygen to the body via arteries. The deoxygenated blood which has acquired CO2 is then returned through veins to the right atrium, where it flows into the right ventricle, and the double-loop cycle begins again

Open Lymphatic System

circulates and filters interstitial fluid between cells and drains into the circulatory system

Two Contraction Cycles

systole (contraction of heart muscles) and diastole (relaxation of heart muscles)