Science 8: unit a, section 3

Viscosity

internal friction between a substances particles

how to calculate flow rate

R=D/T

Density

Amount of matter in a given volume

Floating

When a less dense substance is in a more dense substance; ex. oil on water

Sinking

When a more dense substance is in a less dense substance; ex. rock in water

Buoyancy

Tendency for an object to float

Buoyant Force

Force in fluids that acts against gravity; describes the force of pushing up

Plimsoll Line

Line on a ship that determines safe cargo load based on water temperature and concentration

Compressibility

Ability of a substance to be compressed; gases are most easily compressed

Pressure

Measure of force distributed over an area; P = F/A

Pascal's Law

In an enclosed system, pressure is transmitted equally in all directions

Hydraulic

System that uses liquid as the enclosed fluid

Pneumatic

System that uses gas as the enclosed fluid

Advantages of Pneumatic Drill

Reasonable cost and safety; compressed air is cheap and safe

how to calculate density, mass, and volume

D=M/V V=M/D M=(D)(V)