HHD unit 2 - AOS 1

Prenatal

(Fertalisation - Birth)

Characterised by the development of the body’s organs and structures and substantial growth.

Infancy

(Birth - age 2)

Period of rapid growth with many changes - develop motor skills and can walk, use simple words and identify familiar people.

early childhood

(age 2 - age 6)

Characterised by slow and steady growth - accomplishment of many new skills, become toilet trained, learn social skills and make friends.

Late childhood

(age 6- age 12)

Many physical, social, emotional and intellectual changes, influences by primary schooling- including refining reading and writing skills, developing long term memory and refining motor skills.

Youth

(age 12 - age 18)

characterised by rapid growth, increased independence and sexual maturity - undergo significant physical, social, emotional and intellectual changes as they become accustomed to greater independence, complex relationships and development of life goals.

Early adulthood

(age 18 - age 40)

Body reaches physical peak around 25-30, followed by a steady decline of body systems thereafter.

Middle adulthood

(age 40 - age 65)

Common characteristics include stability in work and relationships, further development of identity, financial security and physical signs of aging.

Late Adulthood

(age 65 - death)

characterised by a change in lifestyle arising from retirement and, for many, financial security.

Physical development definition

Refers to changes to the body and its systems. These can be changes in size (i.e. growth), complexity (for example, the increase in complexity of the nervous system) and motor skills (for example, learning to walk).

social development definition

Refers to the increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with other people.

emotional development definition

relates to experiencing the full range of emotions, and increasing complexity relating to the expression of emotions, the development of a self-concept and resilience.

intellectual development definition

the increase in complexity of processes in the brain, such as thought, knowledge and memory, language, creativity and imagination and attention.

self concept

relates to how individuals see themselves, and develops over time as they experience various aspects of life.

Adult perceptions of youth - Positive

To some, youth are seen as vibrant, hard-working, happy individual (positive personal experiences impact the perceptions adults have on youth).

Adult perceptions of youth - negative

Perceptions impacted by stereotypes including: Youth are lazy and narcissistic - they do whatever they want when they want.

They are more concerned how many ‘likes’ they receive on social media than how they can positively contribute to society.

Youth perceptions of adults - positve

As individuals enter the late stage of adulthood, they are often perceived as being wise and experienced. Older adults are often seen as a source of guidance for youth as they face challenges in their lives.

Youth perception of adults - negative

Younger people can perceive older people ‘live in the past’ and those aged in their 40’s-50’s are seen as out of touch.

Development

the series of orderly, predictable changes that occur from fertalisation until death. Development can be physical, social, emotional or intellectual.

Lifespan

the amount of time for which a person is alive

fertalisation

the fusing of a sperm and an egg cell. Marks the beginning of pregnancy. Also known as conception.

Primary sex characteristics

Body parts that are directly involved in reproduction

secondary sex characteristics

Traits arising from changes in both males and females at puberty. They are neither directly related to reproduction nor present at birth.

Authoritarian parenting

A style of parenting that employs strict rules and punishment if rules are broken.

Authorative parenting

A style of parenting that uses positive reinforcement of good behaviours and flexibility in interpretation of rules.

Permissive Parenting

A style of parenting that is low in discipline and whereby parents see themselves more as friends than parents.

Uninvolved parenting

A parenting style whereby parent have little interest in their children’s lives.

types of relationship (FIPFOT)

(FIPFOT)

Friendships, Intimate, professional, family, online, teachers/coaches/mentors

Consent (FRIES)

Consent must be freely given, reversible, informed, enthusiastic and specific.

Characteristics of healthy and respectful relationships

(RESTHEL)

Respect, trust, honesty, loyalty, empathy, safety, equality

(RESTHEL)

Respect

The consideration of others’ feelings, opinions, rights and needs.

Trust

The feeling of having confidence in another person and feeling emotionally and physically safe around them.

Loyalty

The quality of being faithful to others. It also means that people stick by each other and provide support and consistency even through challenging times.

Honesty

the quality of being honest - choosing not to lie, deceive or cheat.

Empathy

The ability to understand and share the feelings of another.

Safety

The state of being free from danger, either physically or emotionally.

Equality

The state of being equal, whereby all people involved in a relationship are valued and able to contribute to and take from the relationship. They have the same expectations of the relationship.

Benefits of HARR Physical H+W

increased energy levels, increased physical fitness, decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, healthy body weight and decreased risk of injury.

Benefits of HARR Social H+W

Better communication skills, more able to adapt to different social situations, less awkward interactions between teenagers and adults.

Benefits of HARR Emotional H+W

Increased resilience, safe outlets for expression of emotions, better understanding of others’ emotions, conflict resolution.

Benefits of HARR Mental H+W

Increased self-esteem, increased self-confidence, lower levels of stress, support for big decisions, reduced anxiety.

Benefits of HARR Spiritual H+W

Strong sense of belonging, acting according to values, sense of peace, increased feeling of purpose and meaning in life, fulfillment, increased feelings of connection.

Intellectual development characteristics

knowledge and memory, language, thought patterns and problem solving, creativity and imagination, attention

Physical development characteristics

Growth, motor skill development, changes to body systems

Social development characteristics

Behaviours, social roles, relationship skills, communication skills

Emotional development characteristics

Developing self-concept, learning appropriate ways of expressing and communicating emotions, experiencing the full range of emotions, building resilience

How can healthy and respectful relationships promote optimal health and wellbeing?

• Healthy relationships can encourage people to make choices that promote their physical health and wellbeing, such as supporting a friend who wants to quit smoking, which will improve their fitness and reduce the risk of lung cancer, respiratory diseases and cardiovascular disease.

• Healthy relationships are inclusive and do not exclude people; they promote a strong sense of belonging which improves spiritual and social health.

• Healthy relationships support mental health because the nature of the relationship means that it is not stressful, and spending time with others improves self-esteem