1.4: Productivity

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23 Terms

1

Biosphere

the region of our planet where life resides, the combination of all ecosystems on Earth

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2

Producer/Autotroph

An organism that uses the energy of the Sun to produce usable forms of energy

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3

Photosynthesis

The process by which producers/autotrophs use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose

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4

Scavengers

Organisms that consume dead animals

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5

Detritivore

An organism that specializes in breaking down dead tissues and waste products into smaller particles

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6

Decomposers

Fungi and bacteria that convert organic matter into small elements and molecules that can be recycled back into the ecosystem

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7

Cellular Respiration

The process by which cells unlock the energy of chemical compounds

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8

Aerobic Respiration

The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water

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9

Anaerobic Respiration

The process by which cells convert glucose into energy in the absence of oxygen

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10

Consumer/Heterotroph

An organism that is incapable of photosynthesis and must obtain its energy by consuming other organisms

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11

Herbivore/Primary Consumer

A consumer that eats producers

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12

Carnivore

A consumer that eats other consumers

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13

Secondary Consumer

A carnivore that eats primary consumers/herbivores

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14

Tertiary Consumer

A carnivore that eats secondary consumers

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15

Trophic Levels

The successive levels of organisms consuming one another

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16

Food Chain

The sequence of consumption, from producers through tertiary consumers

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17

Food Web

A complex model of how energy or matter moves between trophic levels

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18

Gross Primary Productivity/GPP

The total amount of solar energy that producers in an ecosystem capture via photosynthesis over a given amount of time

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19

Net Primary Productivity/NPP

The energy captured by producers in an ecosystem, minus the energy that producers respire

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20

Biomass

The total mass of all living matter in a specific area

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21

Standing Crop

The amount of biomass present in an ecosystem at a particular time

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22

Ecological Efficiency

The proportion of consumed energy that can be passed from one trophic level to another

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23

Trophic Pyramid

A representation of the distribution of biomass, numbers, or energy among trophic levels

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