Acid Base Balance - CCC1 Exam 2
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36 Terms
What is acid–base balance?
The homeostasis of hydrogen ions (H⁺) and bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) in body fluids.
What test measures acid–base balance?
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG).
What is the normal blood pH range?
7.35–7.45
What pH indicates acidosis?
pH less than 7.35
What pH indicates alkalosis?
pH greater than 7.45
An increase in hydrogen ions (H⁺) causes what change in pH?
Decreased pH (acidosis).
A decrease in hydrogen ions (H⁺) causes what change in pH?
Increased pH (alkalosis).
What are the three acid–base regulation systems?
Chemical/buffer system, respiratory system, and renal system.
Which system is the first line of defense in acid–base balance?
The chemical/buffer system.
Which acid–base regulation system works the fastest?
The chemical/buffer system.
Which system is the second line of defense?
The respiratory system.
Which system is the third line of defense?
The renal system.
How quickly does the renal system respond to acid–base imbalances?
24–48 hours (slow but long-lasting).
What does the respiratory system regulate in acid–base balance?
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels.
Hyperventilation causes what change in CO₂?
Decreased CO₂ levels.
Hyperventilation causes what change in pH?
Increased pH (respiratory alkalosis).
Hypoventilation causes what change in CO₂?
Increased CO₂ levels.
Hypoventilation causes what change in pH?
Decreased pH (respiratory acidosis).
When blood is too acidic, what do the kidneys do?
Reabsorb and produce more bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻).
When blood is too basic, what do the kidneys do?
Excrete more bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻).
Acidosis is usually associated with what potassium level?
High potassium (hyperkalemia).
Alkalosis is usually associated with what potassium level?
Low potassium (hypokalemia).
What is the normal PaCO₂ range?
35–45 mmHg
What is the normal HCO₃⁻ range?
22–26 mEq/L
What is the normal PaO₂ range?
80–100 mmHg
What is the normal SaO₂ level?
Greater than 94%
What does ROME stand for?
Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic Equal.
In respiratory disorders, how do pH and PaCO₂ move?
In opposite directions.
In metabolic disorders, how do pH and HCO₃⁻ move?
In the same direction.
Decreased pH and increased PaCO₂ indicate what?
Respiratory acidosis.
Increased pH and decreased PaCO₂ indicate what?
Respiratory alkalosis.
Decreased pH and decreased HCO₃⁻ indicate what?
Metabolic acidosis.
Increased pH and increased HCO₃⁻ indicate what?
Metabolic alkalosis.
What is compensation in acid–base balance?
The body’s attempt to correct a pH imbalance.
What is full compensation?
pH returns to normal range (7.35–7.45).
What is partial compensation?
pH remains abnormal, but PaCO₂ and HCO₃⁻ are shifting to correct the imbalance.
