Laxatives, Loop Diuretics,

Flashcards for exam review.

Senna:

Increases motility as a stimulant.

Docusate

_ is a stool softener.

Ispaghula

_ is a bulk-forming fiber.

Common Side Effects of Laxatives:

Bloating, flatulence, cramps, and diarrhea.

oral

Laxatives may alter the absorption of _ meds (e.g., digoxin).

Bowel

_ obstruction and undiagnosed abdominal pain are contraindications for laxatives.

Mode of Action of Loop Diuretics:

Inhibit Na⁺/K⁺/2Cl⁻ co-transporter in the loop of Henle.

Common Side Effects of Loop Diuretics:

_, electrolyte imbalance, hypotension, and dizziness.

Contraindications of Loop Diuretics:

Severe hypokalaemia, dehydration, and hepatic coma.

Mode of Action of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics:

Inhibit aldosterone or block Na⁺ reabsorption in the distal nephron.

Common Side Effects of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics:

_, GI upset, and breast tenderness (spironolactone).

Contraindications of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics:

Hyperkalaemia and Addison’s disease.

Mode of Action of Beta-Adrenoceptor Blockers:

Block β1 and/or β2 receptors.

Common Side Effects of Beta-Adrenoceptor Blockers:

_, cold extremities, fatigue, nightmares (propranolol), and dizziness.

Contraindications of Beta-Adrenoceptor Blockers:

Asthma (non-selective β-blockers), bradycardia, and 2nd/3rd degree AV block.