Chemistry 11 Study Guide

Flashcards covering key concepts, definitions, and terms from the Chemistry 11 Study Guide.

Scientific Method

A systematic procedure for obtaining knowledge through observations, hypotheses, experiments, analyses, and conclusions.

Hypothesis

A proposed explanation made as a starting point based on limited evidence for further investigation.

Scientific Theory

A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, backed by a large body of evidence and repeatedly tested.

Significant Figures

Digits in a number that carry meaning contributing to its precision.

Precision

The degree to which repeated measurements under unchanged conditions show the same results.

Accuracy

The degree to which a measured value agrees with the true value.

Dimensional Analysis

A method for converting between units that involves multiplying by conversion factors.

Density

The mass per unit volume of a substance, usually expressed in kg/m³.

Independent Variable

The variable that is changed or controlled in an experiment to test its effects on the dependent variable.

Dependent Variable

The variable that is tested and measured in an experiment.

Matter

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Pure Substance

A material consisting of only one type of particle; can be either an element or a compound.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture that has uniform composition and properties throughout.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture that consists of visually distinct substances or phases.

Kinetic Energy

The energy that an object possesses due to its motion.

Analytical Chemistry

The study of the separation, identification, and quantification of chemical components in a mixture.

Organic Chemistry

The study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of carbon-containing compounds.

Inorganic Chemistry

The study of inorganic compounds, typically those that do not contain a C-H bond.

Physical Chemistry

The study of how matter behaves on a molecular and atomic level and how chemical reactions occur.

Astrology

A pseudoscience that claims to discern information about human affairs and terrestrial events through the positions of celestial bodies.

Alchemy

An ancient practice that combines elements of philosophy, science, and mysticism, historically practiced to transform base metals into gold.