Spanish 203 Part #1

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Last updated 6:57 PM on 3/17/26
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135 Terms

1
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bay

la bahía

2
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desert

el desierto

3
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plains

el llano

4
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grasslands

la pampa

5
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peninsula

la península

6
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jungle

la selva

7
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valley

el valle

8
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tree

el árbol

9
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cactus

el cactus

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waterfall, cascade

la cascada

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surrounded by…

rodeado(a) por

12
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Earth / land

la Tierra / tierra

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el medio ambiente

environment

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climate change

al cambio climático

15
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contamination; pollution

la contaminación

16
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deforestation

la deforestación

17
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industrial waste

los desechos industriales

18
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ecology

la ecología

19
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smog

el esmog

20
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nature

la naturaleza

21
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oil

el petróleo

22
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recycling

el reciclaje

23
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natural resources

los recursos naturales

24
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to destroy

destruir

25
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to erupt

hacer erupción

26
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to preserve

preservar

27
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to protect

proteger

28
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to recycle

reciclar

29
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volcano

el volcán

30
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hills

las colinas

31
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palm trees

las palmeras

32
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coast

la costa

33
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grass; pasture

el pasto

34
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sand

la arena

35
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ocean

el mar

36
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wave

la ola

37
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clouds

las nubes

38
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sky

el cielo

39
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mountains

las montañas

40
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island

la isla

41
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river

el río

42
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forest; woods

el bosque

43
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Future Tense

  • hablar

  • comer

  • vivir

Future Tense

  • hablaré / hablarás / hablará / hablaremos / hablaréis / hablarán

  • comeré / comerás / comerá / comeremos / comeréis / comerán

  • viviré / vivirás / vivirá / viviremos / viviréis / vivirán

44
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Irregular Future Tense Stems

  • decir

  • hacer

  • haber

  • poder

  • querer

  • saber

  • poner

  • salir

  • tener

  • venir

Irregular Future Tense Stems

  • dir-

  • har-

  • habr-

  • podr-

  • querr-

  • sabr-

  • pondr-

  • saldr-

  • tendr-

  • vendr-

45
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“Estar” with Past Participle is used for…

  • turning verbs into adjectives

  • can be used with “estar” to indicate condition

  • can be used after a noun to describe it

46
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“Estar” with Past Participle

  • estar conjugation

  • past participle endings

  • conjugate “estar” in present — estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están

  • -ar = -ado | -er/ir = -ido

  • must agree in gender and number with nouns they describe

    • Salvador Dalí es un pintor conocido. [is well-known painter]

    • La puerta está cerrado. [is closed]

    • El restaurante está abierto. [is open — irregular]

47
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Irregular Past Participles

  • abrir

  • cubrir

  • decir

  • despertar

  • devolver

  • escribir

  • hacer

  • morir

  • romper

  • poner

  • ver

  • volver

Irregular Past Participles

  • abierto

  • cubierto

  • dicho

  • despierto

  • devuelto

  • escrito

  • hecho

  • muerto

  • roto

  • puesto

  • visto

  • vuelto

48
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“Se” to Indicate Accidental Occurences

  • se + indirect obj. pronoun + verb

    • verb agrees with subject — singular vs plural

    • IOP represents person affected — me, te, le, nos, os, les

  • Se me rompió el plato. [I broke the plate]

  • Diego se le perdieron las llaves. [Diego lost his keys]

49
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to finish / run out of

acabar

50
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to turn/shut off

apagar

51
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to fall/drop

caer

52
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to break down

descomponer

53
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to forget

olvidar

54
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to lose (an object)

perder

55
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to leave behind

quedar

56
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to break

romper

57
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Present Perfect is used…

  • to express actions that we have / haven’t done and relatively recent past actions

  • combines present tense of “haber” with past participle

58
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Present Perfect Tense

  • present tense of “haber”

  • part participle endings

    • hablar, beber, vivir

  • he, has, ha/hay, hemos, habéis, han

  • -ar = -ado | -er/ir = -ido

    • hablado, bebido, vivido

  • Examples:

    • Ella ha trabajado mucha esta semana.

    • ¿Alguna vez has ido a las montañas?

    • He perdido el mapa.

59
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ever

alguna vez

60
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not… yet / still… not

no… todavía

61
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never

nunca

62
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recently

recientemente

63
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already

ya

64
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Subjuctive is used for…

subjectivity, doubt, desires, emotions, or hypothetical situations

  • Wishes

  • Emotiones

  • Impersonal Expressions

  • Recommendations

  • Doubt/Denial

65
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Indicative is used for…

objectivity, facts, certainty, and reality

66
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Subjunctive with Impersonal Expressions

  • impersonal expressions don’t have a specific subject

    • can include a large number of adjectives

    • can be negative or affirmative

  • necessary to use “que” between clauses

  • Examples:

    • Es importante que protejamos los animales.

    • Es una lástima que haya animales en peligro de extinción.

67
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Subjunctive Conjugation

  • how to conjugate?

    • hablar

    • comer

    • vivir

  • stem-changing verbs?

Subjunctive Conjugation

  • opposite ending — yo form = el/ella/ud

    • hable, hables, hable, hablemos, habléis, hablen

    • coma, comas, coma, comamos, comáis, coman

    • viva, vivas, viva, vivamos, viváis, vivan

  • stem-changing -ar/er verbs follow same pattern (no change in nos/vos)

  • stem-changing -ir verbs follow same pattern but with different nos/vos forms

    • e = i muera muramos

    • o = u prefiera prefiramos

68
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it’s a good/bad idea

es buena/mala idea

69
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it’s horrible

es horrible

70
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it’s impossible

es impossible

71
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it’s incredible

es increíble

72
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it’s fair

es justo

73
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it’s better

es mejor

74
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it’s necessary

es necessario

75
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it’s possible

es possible

76
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it’s likely

es probable

77
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it’s rare

es raro

78
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it’s recommended

es recomendable

79
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it’s ridiculous

es redículo

80
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it’s terrible

es terrible

81
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it’s a pity/shame

es una lástima

82
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it’s urgent

es urgente

83
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to doubt that…

dudar que…

  • only conjugated in subjunctive

84
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to not believe that…

no creer que…

85
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to not think that…

no pensar que…

86
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to not suppose that…

no suponer que…

87
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to not be sure that…

no estar seguro(a) que…

88
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to not be true / correct / obvious / evident that…

no ser cierto / verdad / obvio / evidente que…

89
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Subjunctives with Expressions of Doubt

  • used when expressing doubt, uncertainty about an action or condition

  • commonly used with…

    • dudar que

    • no creer / pensar / suponer que

    • no estar seguro(a) que

    • no ser cierto / verdad / obvio / evidente que

90
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ring

el anillo

91
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25th wedding anniversary

las bodas de plato

92
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50th wedding anniversary

las bodas de oro

93
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ceremony

la ceremonia

94
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date (the event)

la cita

95
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the engagement

el compromise

96
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divorce

el divorcio

97
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civil status

el estado civil

98
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honeymoon

la luna de miel

99
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birth

el nacimiento

100
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courtship / engagement

el noviazgo

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