Studied by 32 people
Test Monday 11/25
Gunpowder Empires in 1450 -1750
Ottoman Empire
Safavid Empire
Mughal Empire
Similarities of Gunpowder Empires
Descended from Turkic Nomads with a Turkic language
Rise due to power vacuum left by Mongol khanates
Used gunpowder weapons
Islamic government that ruled religiously diverse areas
Janissaries
Elite soldiers known for their skills with siege weapons and their fierce loyalty to the sultan and to the Empire.
How did the Ottomans keep its diverse (religious and ethnic) population under the control of one government?
Millet System - residents of non-Muslim religions were divided into religious communities with their own religious leaders
Had to pay taxes and pledge allegiance to Sultan
Janissary System - Christians were forced to serve the Ottoman Empire
Abkar the Great’s Religious Policies
Religiously Tolerant
Divine Faith - Syncretism of native Hindu and Islamic beliefs
Safavid Empire’s Islamic Sect
Shi’a (Shiite)
Ottoman Empire’s Islamic Sect
Sunni
The Downfall of the Ming Dynasty
Pirates raided port cities
Famines and Peasant Revolts
Europeans began to seek out territory in East Asia
Queue
The hairstyle worn by people of the Manchu dynasty.
***Symbolic of how Manchus forced cultural aspects onto the Chinese
Characteristic of the Manchu Dynasty
Foreign Led - descended from the Jurchen people
Largest Chinese Empire
Expansion
Adopted China’s institutions and policies
Filled bureaucracy with Ethnic Manchus
Legitamacy
The right and acceptance of an authority, usually a governing law or regime.
The Japanese Feudalism System
Shoguns control the Japanese government while the emperor serves as a symbolic ruler
Feudal lands were led by daimyo soldiers
National Seclusion Policy
Prohibited Japanese from traveling abroad, and prohibited most foreigners from visiting Japan - Lasted for 200 years.
The Significance of Shinto
Shinto was an indigenous Japanese nature religion that united Japan under Tokugawa’s rule.
Causes of Protestant Reformation
Mainly corruption in the Catholic Church such as Indulgences.
Effects of the Protestant Reformation
Creation of Protestant Faiths
Religious Conflict
Reformation in Catholicism
Thirty Year’s War
Conflict between Catholic and Lutheran states within the Holy Roman Empire that led to a massive, brutal, and destructive war.
Effects of The Thirty Year’s War
Death, famine, and disease in Central Europe
German States became divided, and Prussia arose to become a dominant military force
Rulers of Kingdoms forced their religion onto their people
Absolutism
A system of government in which a king or queen had absolute power over their kingdoms and the lives of their people.
Louis XIV Power Centralization
Kept nobles happy by living in the Palace of Versailles and close by decreasing their power
Used divine right to legitimatize his rule
Bureaucracy was utilized to collect taxes and execute orders from the French gov’t
***Louis XIV is a BIG example of absolutsim
Enlightened Monarchs
Monarchs who distinguished themselves from ordinary rulers by claiming to rule their subjects’ well - being
Henry VIII and Protestant Reformation
After a marriage dispute, King Henry VIII broke away from the Pope and Catholic Church and created the Anglican Church (Church of England).
Peter the Great’s Main Goals
Westernization and Southernization - He wanted to open up isolated Russia for trade and wanted to be more like western Europe.
How did civilizations utilize their belief systems in their political systems?
Used divine right to legitimize and increase power in their rule
Required one belief system for their state in order for more centralization
Millets - Religious communities were created to prevent rebellion
Leaders often appointed other leaders of the same religion to work for them
The Importance of Gunpowder Technology
Expansion
Cultural Interactions
Bigger Empires and a need for centralization
Used in Religious Conflict
Without gunpowder, no absolutism
Note 
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