421 Section 2 Midterm Review

Leadership

The ability to facilitate and influence others to make recognizable progress toward shared or individual goals.

Management

The ability to use organizational resources to accomplish predetermined objectives through planning, organizing, controlling, and coordinating.

SMART Goals

Framework for goal creation that is Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-oriented.

Emotional Intelligence (EI)

The ability to recognize, understand, and manage one’s emotions and those of others.

Theory X

Assumes people dislike work, avoid responsibility, and need control.

Theory Y

Assumes people seek responsibility, self-direction, and creativity.

The Big Five Personality Traits

Five broad personality dimensions affecting behavior and leadership style: Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Negative Affectivity, Openness to Experience.

Management by Objective (MBO)

Systematic management approach using agreed-upon objectives to measure performance.

Internal Locus of Control

Belief that one’s actions control outcomes.

External Locus of Control

Belief that external factors determine results.

Stress

The physical or psychological response to challenges or threats.

Leadership Models

Different approaches to leadership such as Classical, Transactional, Visionary, and Organic leadership.

Ralph Stogdill’s Leadership Research

Identified key leadership behaviors: Initiating Structure (organizing and defining roles) and Consideration (providing emotional support and trust).

Transformational Leadership

Inspires followers through vision, respect, and shared purpose, encouraging innovation and mutual growth.

Servant Leadership

Puts the needs of followers before organizational goals, building trust, loyalty, and morale.

Managerial Functions

Four functions: Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling as defined by Henri Fayol.

Managerial Skills

Three skill sets: Conceptual Skills, Human Skills, and Technical Skills essential for effective management.

Stress-Performance Relationship

Moderate stress can enhance performance; too much causes burnout, too little causes apathy.

Strategic Planning

Long-term process of defining goals, identifying stakeholders, and evaluating strengths and weaknesses (SWOT analysis).