Cold War - Topic 1 (The origins of the Cold War)
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70 Terms
Communism or capitalism: state owns all property
Communism
Communism or capitalism: private ownership of property
Capitalism
Communism or capitalism: elections
Capitalism
Communism or capitalism: only one political party
Communism
Communism or capitalism: only make as many products as needed
Communism
Communism or capitalism: freedom of speech
Capitalism
Who were in the Grand Alliance?
USA, USSR, Britain
When was the Tehran conference?
November 1943
Who attended the Tehran conference?
Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill
When was the Yalta conference?
February 1945
What was decided at the Tehran conference?
Second front,
War in Japan,
United Nations,
USSR gaining Poland
What conference was the opening of the second front through France decided in?
Tehran
What conference did the USSR gain land from Poland?
Tehran
What conference was the division of Germany and Berlin decided in?
Yalta
Who was allowed to join the UN during the Yalta conference?
Russia, Belarus and Ukraine
How many soviet countries did Stalin want to join the UN in the Yalta conference?
16
What conference was the sphere of influence introduced?
Yalta
What did the leaders of the Grand Alliance want to happen to Poland in the Yalta conference?
Churchill and Roosevelt wanted free elections but Stalin wanted a communist government.
Who attended the Potsdam conference?
Truman, Attlee, Stalin
When was the Potsdam conference?
July 1945
What were the key changes that had occurred between the Yalta and Potsdam conferences?
Churchill defeated by Attlee,
Roosevelt dead and taken over by vice president Truman,
Stalin set up a communist party in Poland,
Russian army remained in Eastern Europe,
Red army refused to demilitarise,
USA tested atomic bomb without telling the USSR,
USSR and USA spying on each other
What were the key agreements made in the Potsdam conference?
Decentralise,
Demilitarise,
Democratise,
Denazifise,
Reparations
How much reparations did the USSR get during the Potsdam conference?
1/4 of industrial goods
Define satellite state
A country that was formally independent but is still under heavy political, economic and military influence of another country
Define buffer zone
An area of land separating two areas, designed to prevent harm or fighting
What was the percentages agreement?
An informal agreement between Stalin and Churchill that split how much influence Soviet and Western powers had in different parts of Eastern Europe
Who sent "the long telegram"?
George Kennan
What did "the long telegram" warn Truman of?
The Soviet Union's determination to expand across Eastern Europe
What did Truman implement after the "long telegram"?
Policy of containment
Who sent the "Novikov Telegram"?
Nikolai Novikov
When was the Truman Doctrine?
March 1947
When was the Marshall Plan?
June 1947
What was Cominform in response to?
Truman Doctrine
What was Comecon in response to?
Marshall Plan
When was Cominform set up?
1947
When was Comecon set up?
1949
What does NATO stand for?
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
What was Bizonia?
The USA and Britain merged into one economic unit in 1947
What new currency was introduced in 1948?
Deutschmark
When was the first flight of the Berlin airlift?
26th June 1948
When did the Berlin Blockade begin?
24th June 1948
When did the Berlin blockade end?
12th May 1949
What did NATO believe in?
Defensive alliances, collective security
When did West Germany join NATO?
May 1955
What was the Warsaw Pact in response to?
West Germany joining NATO
What was the Warsaw Pact?
A military alliance of communist nations in eastern Europe.
What does ICBM stand for?
Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
When was the first atomic bomb used?
6th August 1945 in Hiroshima
Who was the POTUS in 1952?
Dwight Eisenhower
Who became the new leader of the USSR in 1956?
Nikita Khrushchev
When did the USA first successfully test the hydrogen bomb?
1952
When was Sputnik launched?
1957
Who was the leader of Hungary 1947-1953?
Rakosi
When was Rakosi leader of Hungary?
1947-1953
Who replaced Rakosi in July 1953?
Nagy
How much money was distributed by America in the Marshall Aid?
$13.5 bn to 16 countries
When did the soviet union first test their atomic bomb?
1949
When did Hungary try to leave the Warsaw Pact?
1956
What was the official name of the divided country under Soviet control dubbed "East Germany"?
German Democratic Republic (GDR)
What was the official name of the divided country under allied control dubbed "West Germany"?
Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)
When were FRG and GDR formed?
1949
What prompted Truman's policy of containment in 1946?
Long telegram
When was the Long Telegram sent?
February 1946
When was the Warsaw Pact set up?
May 1955
What prompted Stalin to set up the Warsaw Pact?
West Germany joining NATO on 9th May 1955
Who replaced Nagy in 1958?
Kadar
Who was the communist leader in Hungary before Nagy?
Rakosi
What did Nagy's reforms suggest?
Leaving the Warsaw Pact, removing Soviet troops, free elections
When did Nagy publish his reforms?
31st October 1956
When did the USSR invade Hungary?
4th November 1956