How Are American Political Beliefs Formed And How Do They Evolve Over Time? How Do Political Ideology And Core Values Influence Government Policy Making? What Is Political Culture? What Makes Up American Political Culture? What Is Political Socialization? What Are The Most Significant Influences On Political Socialization? What Is The Generational Effect? The Lifecycle Effect? What Are The Different Types Of Political Polls? How Can You Determine The Reliability And Validity Of A Poll? What Is The Difference Between Liberal, Conservative, And Libertarian Ideologies? How Are Political Parties And Ideology Different In The United States? Who Do Americans Vote For During Times Of Economic Hardship? What Voting Trends Do We See In Regard To Age, Race/Ethnicity, Education, Gender, Religion, Region, And Income? How Did 18-21 Year Olds Respond To The Passage Of The 26th Amendment? What Role Does Party Loyalty Play In How People Vote? Why Does The U.S. Have A Lower Voter Turnout Than Most Other Developed Democracies? What Is Political Efficacy? Who Has The Highest Efficacy? How Does This Relate To Voting? How Does The Media Influence Political Beliefs And Behaviors? Who Are The Voters? The Non-Voters? How Does Demand-Side And Supply-Side Economics Differ? What Is The Difference Between Monetary And Fiscal Policy? Study Guide For Unit 2: Political Beliefs & Behavior Chapter 6: Public Opinion And Political Action What Demographic Changes Have Occurred In The U.S., And What Are Their Political And Public Policy Consequences? What Is Political Socialization? What Is The Difference Between Formal And Informal Learning? Which Do You Think Is Most Important And Why? Give Examples To Support Your Answer. How Is Public Opinion Measured? What Scientific Techniques Are Used To Measure Public Opinion? What Are The Arguments Against Public Opinion Polling? What Are The Main Differences Between Liberals And Conservatives? What Are Some Ways People Participate In Politics? Compare Conventional And Unconventional Participation. How Do They Affect Policy Differently? Why Is Participation In America Unequal? What Are The Political And Policy Implications Of Unequal Participation? Terms To Identify & Describe Demographics Melting Pot Minority Majority Reapportionment Political Socialization Political Culture Gender Gap Political Ideology Civil Disobedience Chapter 9: Nominations & Campaigns How Is A Candidate Nominated For The Presidency? What Functions Do National Party Conventions Perform? What Criticisms Have Been Raised About The Nomination Process? Is It A Representative Process? What Are The Elements Of A Successful Political Campaign? What Impacts Do Campaigns Have On Voters? What Is The Role Of Money In Campaigns? What Campaign Finance Reforms Have Been Adopted? What Effects Have They Had? What Are The Positive And Negative Features Of Political Action Committees? How Might They Affect Politicians And Policymaking? How Do Campaign Images And Issues Conflict, Or Do They? What Is The Role Of The Media In Shaping Both? Terms To Identify & Describe Caucus Frontloading Presidential Primaries Party Platform Direct Mail Federal Election Campaign Act Federal Election Commission Political Action Committees National Party Convention Chapter 10: Elections & Voting Behavior How Has The American Election System Evolved? How Did The Election Of 2000 Contrast With Elections Of The Past, Particularly The Elections Of 1800 And 1896? What Is The Electoral Paradox Of More Suffrage And Less Participation? Why Would We Expect People To Vote More Today, And Why Do They Not? How Does The Voter Registration System Affect The Decision To Vote? What Factors Determine Why People Choose To Vote? What Groups Are Most Likely To Vote And What Groups Are Least Likely To Vote? What Are The Implications Of These Differences In Electoral Participation? Why Do People Vote The Way They Do? Which Reason Do You Think Is Most Important And Why? What Is The Electoral College And How Does It Work? What Biases In The Electoral Process Does It Introduce? Should The Electoral College System Be Preserved Or Abolished? Terms To Identify & Describe Suffrage Motor Voter Act Policy Voting Political Efficacy Voter Registration Plurality (And Plurality Elections)

Plurality

The electoral system in which the candidate with the most votes wins, regardless of whether they achieve a majority.

Political Socialization

The process by which individuals form their political beliefs, influenced by family, education, media, and peers.

Political Culture

Shared values and beliefs that shape a society's political behavior, including concepts like democracy, individualism, and equality.

Generational Effect

The impact of significant historical events on the political attitudes of a specific generation.

Lifecycle Effect

Changes in political beliefs as individuals age and experience different life stages.

Liberal Ideology

Advocates for social equality and government intervention in the economy.

Conservative Ideology

Emphasizes tradition, limited government, and free markets.

Libertarian Ideology

Prioritizes individual liberty and minimal government intervention.

Voter Turnout

The percentage of eligible voters who participate in elections, influenced by factors like age, race, education, and economic conditions.

Political Efficacy

The belief that one's participation can influence political processes; higher efficacy often correlates with higher voter turnout.

Types of Polls

Different methods of measuring public opinion, including tracking polls, exit polls, and opinion polls.

Reliability and Validity

Determined by sample size, methodology, and question wording in polling.

Nomination Process

The series of primaries and caucuses that lead to national conventions for selecting candidates.

Campaign Finance

The regulation of money in political campaigns, significantly influenced by laws like the Federal Election Campaign Act.

Electoral College

A mechanism for electing the president that can introduce biases in representation.

Conventional Participation

Traditional forms of political engagement, such as voting and campaigning.

Unconventional Participation

Non-traditional forms of political engagement, such as protests and civil disobedience.

Unequal Participation

Disparities in political engagement that affect policy outcomes and representation, often influenced by socioeconomic factors.

Demographic Changes

Shifts in population characteristics that influence political dynamics and policy priorities.

Political Beliefs Formation

The process by which individuals acquire political beliefs, shaped by family, education, peers, media, and life experiences.

Political Ideology Influence

Ideologies and core values guide lawmakers and influence policy choices on issues like taxes and healthcare.

American Political Culture

The shared values and beliefs about politics in the U.S., including liberty, democracy, individualism, equality, and civic duty.

Generational vs

The generational effect refers to lasting impacts of political events on a generation, while the lifecycle effect refers to changes in views as individuals age.

Poll Reliability

A reliable poll has a representative sample, clear questions, and transparent methodology.

Liberal vs

Liberals favor government intervention, conservatives emphasize limited government, and libertarians advocate minimal government in all areas.

Political Parties vs

Political parties are organized groups seeking to win elections, while ideology refers to broader beliefs about government roles.

Economic Hardship Voting

During economic downturns, voters often support candidates promising economic stability and job creation.

Voting Trends

Younger voters lean Democratic, older voters Republican; education and race also influence voting patterns.

26th Amendment Impact

The amendment lowered the voting age to 18, initially increasing youth turnout, though participation has fluctuated.

Party Loyalty

A strong predictor of voting behavior, with many voters consistently supporting their preferred party's candidates.

U.S

Lower than other developed democracies due to barriers like registration processes and voter apathy.

Political Efficacy and Voting

Higher efficacy, often seen among educated and wealthy citizens, increases the likelihood of voting.

Media Influence

The media shapes political opinions by framing issues and influencing public perceptions of candidates and policies.

Voters

Voters tend to be older, wealthier, and more educated

Demand-side vs

focuses on boosting consumer spending,

Monetary vs

is controlled by central banks regarding interest rates,

fiscal policy

involves government taxation and spending decisions.

Supply side

emphasizes tax cuts and deregulation.

non voterrs

include younger, lower-income individuals.