Atomic Structure

What is the nucleus made of

A ball made of protons and neutrons

What is an electron

A small negatively charged, light weight thing that orbits the nucleus

What are atoms mostly made of

empty space

What is the relative mass and relative charge of a proton

Mass-1

charge- +1

What is the relative mass and relative charge of a neutron

mass-1

charge-0

What is the relative mass and relative charge of an electron

Mass- 1/2000

Charge- -1

Why do all atoms have no charge

The number of electrons and protons in an atom are equal

What it the number above the atomic symbol and what does it represent

The mass number. The number of protons and neutrons

What it the number below the atomic symbol and what does it represent

The atomic number. The number of protons / electrons

What is the solid sphere model? Who made it? When was it created?

The idea that the world was made up of atoms, which were solid spheres of matter. Made by John Dalton in 1808

What is the Plum Pudding model? Who made it? When was it created?

The idea that atoms were positively charged spheres with randomly scattered electrons. Made by JJ Thompson in 1904

What is the Nuclear model? Who made it? When was it created?

The idea that atoms were made up of a nucleus, surrounded in a cloud of randomly scattered electrons. Made by Rutherford in 1911

What is the Bohr model? Who made it? When was it created?

The idea that electrons orbit a nucleus at fixed distances on electron shells. Made by Niels Bohr in 1913.

Who discovered the electron

JJ Thompson

Who discovered the Nucleus

Rutherford

How did Rutherford prove that atoms are mostly empty space

He did an experiment where he shot alpha particles at gold foil. Some reflected of the positively charged nucleus at the centre of atoms. Some where deflected because they were attracted by negatively charge electrons. Most passed straight through.

Who discovered the neutron

James Chadwick in 1932

What is an isotope

Isotopes are atoms of a certain element that have the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons. They have the same atomic number as the usual atom but a different mass number

What is the equation for relative atomic mass (RAM)

(Mass % abundance) + (Mass * % abundance) …….

Total abundance ( specific to question. Usually 100)

What is another word for electrons shells

Energy levels

How many electrons can go on the first shell

2

How many electrons can go on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th etc, electron shell

8

Why do atoms want a full outer shell

To be more stable like the noble gases

How do you write an electron configuration

2.8.8 for example