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Plants: moss, ferns, gymnosperms (conifers), and angiosperms Animals: monoblastic (sponges), diploblastic (cnidarians), and triploblastic (coelomates, acoelomates, chelicerates, mollusks, arthropods) organisms
Which of the following is haploid?
a. gametophyte
b. egg
c. sporophyte
d. sperm
a, b, and d (gametophyte, egg, and sperm)
The sporophyte stage of the moss life cycle begins with _____.
a. gametophyte, 2n
b. zygote, 1n
c. sporophyte, 1n
d. zygote, 2n
d. zygote, 2n
All of the following applies to sea lettuce except for _____.
a. isogamous
b. oogamous
c. isomorphic
d. alternation of generations
b. oogamous
Which of the following has embryos?
a. sea lettuce
b. chlamydomonas
c. volvox
d. moss
d. moss
The green structure of the moss that we normally see is a _____.
a. gametophyte
b. sporophyte
c. spore
d. gamete
a. gametophyte
The green structure of the fern that we normally see is a _____.
a. gametophyte
b. sporophyte
c. spore
d. gamete
b. sporophyte
The nutritive tissue in the seeds of a gymnosperm comes from _____.
a. fertilized egg
b. original sporophyte
c. gametophyte
d. integument
c. gametophyte
The microstrobilus in gymnosperms is equivalent to _____ in angiosperms.
a. anther
b. filament
c. ovule
d. fruit
a. anther
Which of the following is NOT true about animals?
a. all animals are multicellular
b. all animals are heterotrophic
c. all animals can move from one place to another place
d. all animals lack cell walls
c. all animals can move from one place to another place
Which of the following is most primitive?
a. sponge
b. sea anemone
c. jellyfish
d. coral
a. sponge
Which one of the following is not an invertebrate?
a. sponges
b. jellyfish
c. salmon
d. portugese man-of-war
c. salmon
Jellyfish is one example of _____.
a. scyphozoans
b. anthozoans
c. hydrozoans
d. mesozoans
a. scyphozoans
Which one of the following is a protostome?
a. jellyfish
b. sponges
c. portugese man-of-war
d. tapeworm
d. tapeworm
Which one of the following is true about fluke?
a. its medusa stage is the dominant stage
b. it is autotrophic
c. it is a coelomate
d. its digestive system is primitive
d. its digestive system is primitive
Which animal has a closed circulatory system?
a. butterfly
b. flatworm
c. earthworm
d. lobster
c. earthworm
Which one of the following is triploblastic?
a. sea urchin
b. sea pen
c. sea anemone
d. jellyfish
a. sea urchin
Butterfly larva is a _____.
a. filter feeder
b. herbivore
c. predator
d. detritivore
b. herbivore
What are the traits of animals?
multicellular, heterotrophic, internal digestion (most animals), nervous system (most animals)
What are the heterotrophic patterns of feeding?
filter feeder, herbivore, predator, parasite, detritivore
gastrulation
differentiation of embryo cell tissue
What are the three forms of gastrulation in animal embryos?
monoblastic, diploblastic, triploblastic
vertebrate
organism has a backbone
invertebrate
organism has no backbone
monoblastic
one layer or no clearly defined layers of tissue types
diploblastic
two tissue layers (ectoderm, endoderm)
triploblastic
three tissue layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)
protostome
triploblastic organism, blastopore differentiates into mouth first
deuterostome
triploblastic organism, blastopore differentiates into anus first
Identify the symmetrical pattern (cnidarian).
radial symmetry
Identify the symmetrical pattern (frog).
bilateral symmetry
What is the difference between dorsal and ventral planes?
dorsal = back, ventral = belly/front
cephalization
development of a head and brain (sensory and nervous tissue) at the anterior end
What is the difference between anterior and posterior planes?
anterior= top, posterior = bottom
acoelomate
triploblastic organism, lack of a liquid body cavity
coelomate
triploblastic organism, presence of a liquid body cavity
segmentation
separation to improve control of movement
What is the simplest animal?
sponge
What is the simplest plant?
moss
How do cnidarians generally reproduce?
alternation between poly and medusa stages, polyp reproduce asexually (budding) and medusa reproduce sexually
What is the larva stage of a fertilized medusa egg?
planula larva
Cnidarians are _____.
a. monoblastic
b. diploblastic
c. triploblastic
b. diploblastic
What are scyphozoan cnidarians?
jellyfish
What are anthozoan cnidarians?
sea anemone, coral, sea pens
What are hydrozoan cnidarians?
hydra, portugese man-of-war
cnidocytes
“stinging cell” in cnidarians that help capture prey and to defend, contains nematocyst dart organelle with toxin
choanocytes
feeding cells in sponges, has flagellum to beat surrounding water and particles
sessile
stays in place
motile
active, constant motion
How do sponges reproduce?
fragmentation and budding (asexual)
What are the differences between protostomes and deuterostomes?
protostomes = blastopore → mouth, ventral nerve chord
deuterostomes - blastopore → anus, dorsal nerve chord
What are common characteristics of protostomes and deuterostomes?
triploblastic organisms, cephalization, bilateral symmetry
What are examples of acoelomates?
flatworms, flukes (parasitic)
What is an example of a coelomate?
earthworms/annelids
What is the difference between closed circulatory system and open circulatory system?
closed circulatory system = typically for motile animals, keeps blood separate from tissue fluid
open circulatory system = typically for sessile and smaller animals
What is the general body plan of mollusks?
foot, mantle, visceral mass, gills, open circulatory system
What are examples of mollusks?
chitons, bivalves (clams, oysters, scallops, mussels), gastropods (snails, slugs), cephalopods (squids, octopi)
What are the main adaptations cephalopods developed different to other mollusks?
ink sac, closed circulatory system, tentacles, chromatophore, siphon (jet propulsion), well-developed nervous system (smartest protostome)
What are arthropods?
triploblastic organisms, jointed appendages, exoskeleton made of chitin, 2-part of 3-part segmented body, open circulatory system (still motile)
What are examples of arthropods?
crustaceans (crabs, lobsters), chelicerates (spiders), myriapods (centipedes, millipedes), hexapods (insects)
What is the difference between seeds and spores?
seed = is the developing sporophyte, multicellular, produces by mitosis, angiosperms have fruit tissues
spore = comes from sporophyte, unicellular, produced by meiosis, no fruit tissues
Note 
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