Test 2 (plants, animals)

Plants: moss, ferns, gymnosperms (conifers), and angiosperms Animals: monoblastic (sponges), diploblastic (cnidarians), and triploblastic (coelomates, acoelomates, chelicerates, mollusks, arthropods) organisms

Which of the following is haploid?

a. gametophyte

b. egg

c. sporophyte

d. sperm

a, b, and d (gametophyte, egg, and sperm)

The sporophyte stage of the moss life cycle begins with _____.

a. gametophyte, 2n

b. zygote, 1n

c. sporophyte, 1n

d. zygote, 2n

d. zygote, 2n

All of the following applies to sea lettuce except for _____.

a. isogamous

b. oogamous

c. isomorphic

d. alternation of generations

b. oogamous

Which of the following has embryos?

a. sea lettuce

b. chlamydomonas

c. volvox

d. moss

d. moss

The green structure of the moss that we normally see is a _____.

a. gametophyte

b. sporophyte

c. spore

d. gamete

a. gametophyte

The green structure of the fern that we normally see is a _____.

a. gametophyte

b. sporophyte

c. spore

d. gamete

b. sporophyte

The nutritive tissue in the seeds of a gymnosperm comes from _____.

a. fertilized egg

b. original sporophyte

c. gametophyte

d. integument

c. gametophyte

The microstrobilus in gymnosperms is equivalent to _____ in angiosperms.

a. anther

b. filament

c. ovule

d. fruit

a. anther

Which of the following is NOT true about animals?

a. all animals are multicellular

b. all animals are heterotrophic

c. all animals can move from one place to another place

d. all animals lack cell walls

c. all animals can move from one place to another place

Which of the following is most primitive?

a. sponge

b. sea anemone

c. jellyfish

d. coral

a. sponge

Which one of the following is not an invertebrate?

a. sponges

b. jellyfish

c. salmon

d. portugese man-of-war

c. salmon

Jellyfish is one example of _____.

a. scyphozoans

b. anthozoans

c. hydrozoans

d. mesozoans

a. scyphozoans

Which one of the following is a protostome?

a. jellyfish

b. sponges

c. portugese man-of-war

d. tapeworm

d. tapeworm

Which one of the following is true about fluke?

a. its medusa stage is the dominant stage

b. it is autotrophic

c. it is a coelomate

d. its digestive system is primitive

d. its digestive system is primitive

Which animal has a closed circulatory system?

a. butterfly

b. flatworm

c. earthworm

d. lobster

c. earthworm

Which one of the following is triploblastic?

a. sea urchin

b. sea pen

c. sea anemone

d. jellyfish

a. sea urchin

Butterfly larva is a _____.

a. filter feeder

b. herbivore

c. predator

d. detritivore

b. herbivore

What are the traits of animals?

multicellular, heterotrophic, internal digestion (most animals), nervous system (most animals)

What are the heterotrophic patterns of feeding?

filter feeder, herbivore, predator, parasite, detritivore

gastrulation

differentiation of embryo cell tissue

What are the three forms of gastrulation in animal embryos?

monoblastic, diploblastic, triploblastic

vertebrate

organism has a backbone

invertebrate

organism has no backbone

monoblastic

one layer or no clearly defined layers of tissue types

diploblastic

two tissue layers (ectoderm, endoderm)

triploblastic

three tissue layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)

protostome

triploblastic organism, blastopore differentiates into mouth first

deuterostome

triploblastic organism, blastopore differentiates into anus first

Identify the symmetrical pattern (cnidarian).

radial symmetry

Identify the symmetrical pattern (frog).

bilateral symmetry

What is the difference between dorsal and ventral planes?

dorsal = back, ventral = belly/front

cephalization

development of a head and brain (sensory and nervous tissue) at the anterior end

What is the difference between anterior and posterior planes?

anterior= top, posterior = bottom

acoelomate

triploblastic organism, lack of a liquid body cavity

coelomate

triploblastic organism, presence of a liquid body cavity

segmentation

separation to improve control of movement

What is the simplest animal?

sponge

What is the simplest plant?

moss

How do cnidarians generally reproduce?

alternation between poly and medusa stages, polyp reproduce asexually (budding) and medusa reproduce sexually

What is the larva stage of a fertilized medusa egg?

planula larva

Cnidarians are _____.

a. monoblastic

b. diploblastic

c. triploblastic

b. diploblastic

What are scyphozoan cnidarians?

jellyfish

What are anthozoan cnidarians?

sea anemone, coral, sea pens

What are hydrozoan cnidarians?

hydra, portugese man-of-war

cnidocytes

“stinging cell” in cnidarians that help capture prey and to defend, contains nematocyst dart organelle with toxin

choanocytes

feeding cells in sponges, has flagellum to beat surrounding water and particles

sessile

stays in place

motile

active, constant motion

How do sponges reproduce?

fragmentation and budding (asexual)

What are the differences between protostomes and deuterostomes?

protostomes = blastopore → mouth, ventral nerve chord

deuterostomes - blastopore → anus, dorsal nerve chord

What are common characteristics of protostomes and deuterostomes?

triploblastic organisms, cephalization, bilateral symmetry

What are examples of acoelomates?

flatworms, flukes (parasitic)

What is an example of a coelomate?

earthworms/annelids

What is the difference between closed circulatory system and open circulatory system?

closed circulatory system = typically for motile animals, keeps blood separate from tissue fluid

open circulatory system = typically for sessile and smaller animals

What is the general body plan of mollusks?

foot, mantle, visceral mass, gills, open circulatory system

What are examples of mollusks?

chitons, bivalves (clams, oysters, scallops, mussels), gastropods (snails, slugs), cephalopods (squids, octopi)

What are the main adaptations cephalopods developed different to other mollusks?

ink sac, closed circulatory system, tentacles, chromatophore, siphon (jet propulsion), well-developed nervous system (smartest protostome)

What are arthropods?

triploblastic organisms, jointed appendages, exoskeleton made of chitin, 2-part of 3-part segmented body, open circulatory system (still motile)

What are examples of arthropods?

crustaceans (crabs, lobsters), chelicerates (spiders), myriapods (centipedes, millipedes), hexapods (insects)

What is the difference between seeds and spores?

seed = is the developing sporophyte, multicellular, produces by mitosis, angiosperms have fruit tissues

spore = comes from sporophyte, unicellular, produced by meiosis, no fruit tissues