23 Food Animal Production Medicine and Surgery II Dermatology Lecture 1

Bos indicus

There are two different broad types of cows: Bos Indicus and Bos Taurus.

Which of these has loose, thick skin that is heavily pigmented and dark, with a higher seat gland density, larger sweat glands closer to the surface, and shorter hair?

Makes Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)

What does the bovine skin DO when exposed to sunlight?

Horn flies and Face flies

What are the 2 main types of flies that affect cows?

a. Haematobia irritans

There are 2 main types of flies that affect cows. Which is the scientific name for horn flies:

a. Haematobia irritans

b. Musca autumnalis

b. Musca autumnalis

There are 2 main types of flies that affect cows. Which is the scientific name for face flies:

a. Haematobia irritans

b. Musca autumnalis

Bos indicus

Which type of cow is more fly prone and pink eye resistant due to thicker skin and an overall better barrier: Bos Indicus OR Bos Taurus?

3-5 mo.

Ears tags in cows are good to use because they contain chemicals that come out when the cow flicks their ears. About how long do they last?

a. pyrethrins

There are two different types of main flies that affect cows: horn and face flies. There are topical sprays you can use to prevent these flies. Which topical spray can be used against FACE flies:

a. pyrethrins

b. organophosphates

b. organophosphates

There are two different types of main flies that affect cows: horn and face flies. There are topical sprays you can use to prevent these flies. Which topical spray can be used against HORN flies:

a. pyrethrins

b. organophosphates

Topical sprays, dust bags, mineral additives, fly tags, pour ons

Name different forms of fly control that can be used in cows:

Moraxella bovis

What is the causative agent of pink eye (infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis) in cows?

Antibiotics (tetracycline) and conjunctival flap surgery

Pink eye (Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis) is spread mechanically and from face flies. Vaccines are questionable in efficacy. How do you treat it then?

Stages 1-3

How many different stages are there of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis?

Pink eye

What is happening here?

Stephanofilariasis

What is happening on the ventral midline of this cow, caused by a nematode leading to filarial dermatitis but clinically INSIGNIFICANT lesions?

Horn fly

What is the intermediate host of stephanofilariasis?

Ivermectin

The widespread use of WHAT medication in cattle has widely eliminated cattle grub aka warble?

Cattle grub aka warble

What are these clinical signs typical of in cattle?

a. Hypoderma bovis

There are two types of cattle grub/warble. Which is the northern cattle grub, where eggs are deposited in the upper body and migrate to the spinal canal?

a. Hypoderma bovis

b. Hypoderma lineatum

b. Hypoderma lineatum

There are two types of cattle grub/warble. Which is the common cattle grub, where eggs deposit on legs and ventrum, migrating to the esophagus?

a. Hypoderma bovis

b. Hypoderma lineatum

H. BOVIS = migrate to spinal canal

H. LINEATUM = migrate to esophagus

What is the difference between where Hypoderma bovis (Northern) and Hypoderma lineatum (Common) migrate to in the cow's body?

Carcass/hide damage and by causing fly worry (they make a noise and it freaks cows out so they run around)

Hypoderma causes severe economic losses in cattle. HOW?

1. manual removal

2. insecticides

Hypoderma are the causative agent of cattle grub/warble. How do you treat?

Treat during early autumn

When should you treat for hypoderma in cattle using insecticides?

Because it may kill larvae and result in CNS damage and paralysis

It is advised to treat hypoderma in cattle in early autumn when eggs hatch. Why is it NOT ADVISED to treat October - March in the Northern U.S.?

New World Screwworm

What is this, called Cochliomyia homnivorax?

FALSE = currently eradicated in the U.S. AND IS REPORTABLE

TRUE OR FALSE: Cochliomyia homnivorax is currently located in the Northern U.S.

healthy

New World Screwworm is only found in healthy OR necrotic tissue in cattle

Sterile male fly release (so females will lay sterile eggs that don't hatch). Surveillance. Movement restrictions.

How do you control New World Screwworm aka Cochliomyia homnivorax?

Sucking

What type of lice is this?

Biting

What type of lice is this?

a. anoplura

Which is the sucking lice:

a. anoplura

b. mallophaga

b. mallophaga

Which is the biting lice:

a. anoplura

b. mallophaga

Pediculosis

What is another name for the lice infection in cattle?

Winter

When is pediculosis most prevalent in cattle? What time of year?

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: Lice are host specific in cattle.

Anemia, weight loss, hide damage, trichobezoars

Name some issues lice can cause in cattle

Sucking lice = treat topically OR with injectable. Treat ALL COWS (because the whole herd probably has it and is just not showing clinical signs).

Two cows are showing signs of pruritis, scaly patchy alopecia, and egg nits on the hair. The cow is anemic and has hide damage. What do you think is happening and how do you treat?

Biting = Topical only

Sucking = Topical OR injectable

What is the difference between how you can treat for sucking lice versus biting lice in cattle?

Biting

Which type of lice feeds on the hair, skin and exudate in cattle?

Sucking

Which type of lice feeds on blood in cattle?

1. psoroptic mange

2. chorioptic mange

3. sarcoptic mange

Name the different types of mange in cattle

a. Psoroptic mange

What is this, found on the backs and flanks of infested animals, predilection site starting on shoulders and rump?

a. psoroptic mange

b. chorioptic mange

c. sarcoptic mange

Sheep

What animal is psoroptic mange eliminated in in the U.S.? Meaning it is reportable if it is found in this animal?

3 weeks

How long can psoroptic and chorioptic mange survive OFF the host?

Goats

What ruminant is considered resistant to psoroptic mange?

c. sarcoptic mange

Which is a burrowing mite:

a. psoroptic mange

b. chorioptic mange

c. sarcoptic mange

b. Chorioptic mange

What is this, found on the hind legs, udders, scrotum, tail, and perineum, starting at the pastern and spreading up the legs of cows?

a. psoroptic mange

b. chorioptic mange

c. sarcoptic mange

a. injectable ivermectin and doramectin

What is the treatment for psoroptic mange:

a. injectable ivermectin and doramectin

b. pour on doramectin and moxidectin

c. injectable OR pour on doramectin, ivermectin, eprinomectin, and moxidectin

b. pour on doramectin and moxidectin

What is the treatment for chorioptic mange:

a. injectable ivermectin and doramectin

b. pour on doramectin and moxidectin

c. injectable OR pour on doramectin, ivermectin, eprinomectin, and moxidectin

c. injectable OR pour on doramectin, ivermectin, eprinomectin, and moxidectin

What is the treatment for sarcoptic mange:

a. injectable ivermectin and doramectin

b. pour on doramectin and moxidectin

c. injectable OR pour on doramectin, ivermectin, eprinomectin, and moxidectin

a. psoroptic mange

c. sarcoptic mange

Which type of mange is INTENSELY pruritic:

a. psoroptic mange

b. chorioptic mange

c. sarcoptic mange

c. sarcoptic mange

Which type of mite is highly infectious and most host specific, but can cause transient dermatitis in humans:

a. psoroptic mange

b. chorioptic mange

c. sarcoptic mange

c. Sarcoptic mange

What is this, found on the head, neck and shoulders?

a. psoroptic mange

b. chorioptic mange

c. sarcoptic mange

Skin scraping

How do you diagnose mites?

Rain rot

What is another name for dermatophilosis?

Skin abrasion (cannot penetrate skin barrier on its own)

How does dermatophilosis infect cattle?

Dermatophilosis (dermatophlosus congolensis)

What is this, causing superficial folliculitis, small circular and raised lesions that cause matted, tufted hair that looks like paintbrushes leading to raw, reddened areas when removing crusts?

Dermatophilosis

What is this paintbrush lesion?

Impression smear

note: superficial pyoderma is diagnosed the same way

How do you diagnose dermatophilosis?

Staphylococcus aureus and pseudintermedius

Superficial pyoderma is caused by WHAT?

Low

Superficial pyoderma has higher or low zoonotic potential

Penicillin

What medication is superficial pyoderma resistant to?

Hair follicles (furunculosis)

What part of the skin does superficial pyoderma typically affect?

Essentially just cleaning and using astringents (cause contraction of skin cells)

Udder cleft dermatitis is a superficial infection caused by poor conformation but you do NOT use antibiotics because the producer will have to throw the milk away. So how do you treat?

Treponema spirochete

What is the causative agent of Digital dermatitis (hair heel wart)?

Digital dermatitis (Hairy heel wart)

Treponema spirochete is the causative agent of WHAT?

Rear

It is more common that digital dermatitis affects front or rear feet in cattle?

Digital dermatitis

TREATMENT: topical oxytetracycline or footbath. Bandage if possible

A cow presents reluctant to walk with a bright red lesion. It has sharp demarcation. What do you think is going on here? How do you treat it?

Interdigital dermatitis

A cow presents with maceration of the interdigital space. The animal is NOT lame. There is hyperkeratosis, exudate, and the animal is pressure sensitive. What do you think this is?

Dichelobacter nodosus

What is the causative agent of interdigital dermatitis?

Interdigital dermatitis

Dichelobacter nodosus is the causative agent of WHAT?

Interdigital necrobacillosis

What is another name for foot rot?

Pasture cattle

Is it more common for feedlot and confinement OR pasture cattle to have foot rot?

One

Foot rot typically only affects one or multiple feet?

Fusobacterium necrophorum

What is the causative agent of interdigital necrobacillosis (foot rot) in macerated skin deep in the interdigital space?

Foot rot (Interdigital Necrobacillosis)

An animal is having swelling of one foot in the coronary band and the claws are spread. The animal is lame. There is sloughing and fissuring of the interdigital pace but minimal pus. What do you think is happening?

Fusobacterium necrophorum

What is the name of the causative agent of foot rot which causes suppurative necrotic cellulitis?

b. LA-200 (oxytetracycline)

c. Draxxin/Tulathromycin (macrolides)

What can you use to treat footrot in beef cattle:

a. Excenel or Excede

b. LA-200 (oxytetracycline)

c. Draxxin/Tulathromycin (macrolides)

a. Excenel or Excede

What can you use to treat lactating dairy cattle with footrot:

a. Excenel or Excede

b. LA-200 (oxytetracycline)

c. Draxxin/Tulathromycin (macrolides)