biology pedigree and punnet square

homozygous

Individual that received two of the same alleles (ex. 2 dominant alleles)

Co- dominance

when 2 phenotypes are expressed at once
ex BBx WW !ALL HETERO! both colors are present in the offspring

law of independent assortment

Mendel's second law, stating that allele pairs separate from one another during gamete formation (difffrent genes= different chromosomes)

incomplete dominance

situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another// SPOTS OF COLOR BOTH ARE EXPRESSED IN DIFFERENT PLACES

polygenic inheritance

occurs when multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait,

pedigree

A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait

dominant

Describes a trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait. Represented by an upper case letter.

recessive

Describes a trait that gets masked. Represented by a lower case letter.

generations in pedigree

Parental, F1, F2, etc.

heterozygous

individual that has two different alleles for a trait

horizontal line

means that they are related/married

vertical line

means that it is their children

female

cirlcle

male

square

completely filled in circle/square

affected by the disease

blank circle/square

is NOT affected by the disease

filled in half way circle/square

carries the disease

a father and mother both have dominant brown eyes, what will all of their offspring have?

brown eyes

dimples are dominant; a mother has dominant dimples, and a father has none. what will their offspring have?

dimples

Genotype

The gene of a trait. Represented by 2 letters. ex. Aa

Phenotype

physical description of a trait. ex. brown hair

mendel

father of genetics

Law of Segregation

Mendelian law stating that two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis(gamete formation)

sex linked genes

a gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome

sex linked traits

traits controlled by genes located on the X chromosome

multiple alleles

three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait // EXAMPLE : C, c^ch, c^h, c