Studied by 10 people
Telegraphic speech
like telegrams contains no articles or prepositions.
Syntax
a system of rules that governs how words can be meaningfully.
Metalingual awareness
the capacity to think about how language is used.
Overconfidence
the tendency to be more confident than correct overestimating your beliefs.
Noam Chomsky
argues that human brains have a language acquisition device (LAD) an innate mechanism or process that allows children to develop language skills.
Dialectical Reasoning
the process of arriving at truth through a process of comparing contrasting/various solutions (Pros and Cons list)
Heuristics
a rule of thumb strategy that often allows us to make judgements solve problems efficiently (AKA a shortcut thats prone to errors)
Semantics
the set of rules by which we derive meaning in a language
Phonemes
the smallest distinguishable units in a language.
Morphemes
the smallest meaningful units in a language.
Insight
a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem.
Problem solving
the active effort people make to achieve a goal that can not be easily attained.
Confirmation Bias
a tendency to search for info that one's preconceptions.
Washoe
chimpanzee taught ASL to communicate.
Concept
a mental category that groups events qualities or actions.
Additive strategy
a person lists the attributes of each element of the decision weighs them according to importance adds them up and picks the best.
Prototypes
a mental image or best example of a category
Functional Fixedness
the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions.
Benjamin Lee Whorf
proposed linguistic relativity hypothesis that language determines the way people think (Like how not all words have direct translations)
Algorithm
a methodical logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
language
system of words and rules that is used for meaningful communication.
Cognitive schema
mental models of different aspects of the world (ex.
Inductive reasoning
the process by which a general conclusion is drawn from examples.
Cognition
another term for thinking knowing and remembering.
Representative Heuristic
likelihood of things in terms of how well they match our prototype.
Deductive reasoning
the process by which a particular conclusion is drawn from a set of general premises of statements.
Syntax
the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences (like noun adjective placement in Spanish vs. english)
language
a system of symbols and rules that is used for meaningful communication
phonemes
the smallest distinguishable units in a language
morphemes
the smallest meaningful units in a language
syntax
a system of rules that governs how words can be meaningfully
babbling stage
producing sounds that resemble many different languages
telegraphic speech
like telegrams contains no articles or prepositions
metalingual awareness
the capacity to think about how language is used
B. F. Skinner
believed that language is acquired through principles of conditioning including association, imitation, and reinforcement
Noam Chomsky
argues that human brains have a language acquisition device (LAD) an innate mechanism or process that allows children to develop language skills
Benjamin Lee Whorf
proposed linguistic relativity hypothesis that language determines the way people think (Like how not all words have direct translations)
Semantic slanting
a way of making statements to evoke specific emotional responses like saying preemptive counterattack over invasion)
Name calling
strategy of labeling people in order to influence their thinking
syntax
the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences (like noun adjective placement in Spanish vs. english)
one word stage
1-2 year old uses one word to communicate big meanings
Benjamin Lee Whorf's Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
Linguistic Determinism → The idea that language determines the way we think not vice versa
Washoe
chimpanzee taught ASL to communicate
concept
a mental category that groups similar objects events qualities or actions
prototypes
a typical example of concept used to decide whether a particular instance of something belongs to a concept
cognitive schema
mental models of different aspects of the world (ex
cognition
another term for thinking knowing and remembering
Lev Vygotsky's theory of Social Influences
Cognitive development works best through the interaction with others (Saw child as an apprentice)
Algorithm
a methodical logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
Heuristics
a rule of thumb strategy that often allows us to make judgements solve problems efficiently (AKA a shortcut thats prone to errors)
Representative Heuristic
likelihood of things in terms of how well they match our prototype
Availabily Heuristic
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in our memory
Dialectical Reasoning
the process of arriving at truth through a process of comparing contrastingvarious solutions (Pros and Cons list)
Insight
a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem
The Gambler's Fallacy
the mistaken belief that if something happens a lot it won't happen as much later (when it's independent)
Confirmation Bias
a tendency to search for info that confirms one's preconceptions
Fixation
The inability to see a problem from another POV
Functional Fixedness
the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions
Mental set
tendency to approach a problem in a particular way especially if it has worked in the past
Overconfidence
the tendency to be more confident than correct overestimating your beliefs
Belief Bias
tendency of our own beliefs to distort logical reasoning
Belief Perseverance
clinging to your initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
Divergent thinking
like brainstorming
Convergent thinking
Narrow down idea
Problem solving
the active effort people make to achieve a goal that cannot be easily attained
trial and error
involves trying out different solutions until one works
deductive reasoning
the process by which a particular conclusion is drawn from a set of general premises of statements
inductive reasoning
the process by which a general conclusion is drawn from examples
elimination by aspects
involves eliminating alternatives based on whether they do or do not possess aspects or attributes deemed important
Note 
Flashcard (27)