Animal Complexity

#1

How long ago was the earliest life on Earth?

4 billion years ago

What prokaryote arose about 3 billion years ago?

Cyanobacteria

What dominated Earth’s oceans for 1 to 2 billion years?

Cyanobacteria

When did the first Eukaryotes appear?

1.5 billion years ago

Animals are classified in what domain?

Eukarya

Animals are classified in what Kingdom?

Animalia

How many Phyla are in Animalia?

35 Phyla

What does fitness mean?

Reproductive success

What cell structure does an animal have?

Multicellularity

Are animals heterotrophs or autotrophs?

Heterotrophs

What is unique to animals that helps them move?

Muscle tissue

Do all or most animals reproduce sexually?

Most

All animals possess this code of genes:

HOX genes

What gene regulates embryonic development of animals?

HOX gene

What was the “Cambrian Explosion”?

This is when most marine animals evolved their most basic body forms seen today

How many new phyla did the Cambrian Explosion create?

100

How many years ago was the Cambrian Explosion?

500mya

This means all functions occur within a single cell:

Protoplasmic

This mean group of cells with different functions:

Cellular

An aggregation of similar cells into layers to perform a common function:

Tissue

The organization of tissues:

Organs

Organs working together to perform a common function:

System

Sponges contain no germ layers this means they contain no:

Tissues or Organs

True tissues are possessed by:

All animals but sponges

What animals demonstrate radial symmetry?

Cnidaria and Ctenophora

Bilateral Symmetry is demonstrated by:

All animals but Cnidaria and Ctenophora

What means free-floating animal?

Sessile

Bilateral Symmetry is evolutionarily:

Advanced

This type of symmetry is useful for forward movement:

Bilateral

This type of symmetry can interact with environment from all sides:

Radial

What means the Blastopore becomes the mouth first?

Protostome

What means the Blastopor becomes the anus first?

Deuterostome

Deuterostome contains:

Echinoderms and chordates

Protosme contains subgroups:

Ecdysozoa and Lophotrochozoa

What is another word for body cavity?

Coelom

What has no body cavity and is filled with mesodermal cells?

Acoelomates

What has a false body cavity but is partially surrounded by mesoderm?

Pseudocoelomates

What has a true coelom and is entirely surrounded by mesoderm?

Eucoelomates

What allows for movement and strength while burrowing?

The hydrostatic skeleton

What has each ring has a distinct segment?

Annelida

What has many of the segments have specialized appendages?

Arthropoda

What has segmentation in the muscles and backbones? 

Chordata

What are feeding tentacles called?

Lophophore

What are ciliated larve called?

Trochophore

What is defined by Lophophore, Trochophore, and molecular data?

Lophotrochozoa

What is found in bryozoans, barchipods, and rotifers?

Lophophore

What is found in molluscs and annelids?

Trochophore

What lacks both Lophophore and Trochophore but is still considered a Lophotrochozoa because of molecular data?

Platyhelminths

Your friend tells you that he read on Wikipedia that earthworms and lobsters are close relatives because they are both segmented. You tell him he is wrong because:

Segmentation arose independently in several animal taxa